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Fundamentals > Physical Agents > Flashcards

Physical Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Rank the materials in terms of specific heat from least to greatest.

A

Bone, muscle, water

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2
Q

Name physiologic effects of cryotherapy (10)

A
  1. Initial vasoconstriction
  2. decreases inflammation
  3. decreases pain via gate-control- numbing
  4. increases pain threshold
  5. Decreases spasm
  6. Decreases spasticity
  7. Reduces metabolic rate
  8. increased acute contractility
  9. isometric muscle strength reduced (<5min)
  10. Reduces nerve conduction velocity
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3
Q

Indications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Swelling/ Edema
  2. Acute Inflammation
  3. Spasticity
  4. Pain
  5. Vasodilated
  6. Acute injury
  7. Acute spasm
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4
Q

Contraindication for cryotherapy

A
  1. Cold hyper sensitivity
  2. Reynaud’s disease
  3. Cold intolerance
  4. peripheral vascular disease
  5. superficial to a regenerating peripheral nerve
  6. (gaping) open wound- wet
  7. paroxysmal cold hypo uremia
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5
Q

Precautions for cryotherapy

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Impaired thermoregulation- elderly
  3. neuropathies (impaired sensation
  4. poor mentation
  5. main nerves
  6. wounds
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6
Q

Cryocuff Pros

A

Also compresses, others?

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7
Q

Cryocuff cons

A

expensive ???? any others?

not good for small areas.

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8
Q

Cold pack Pros

A

Can do large broad areas. Relatively cheap. Can teach the patient how to use what they probably already have. can add an a wrap for compression

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9
Q

Cold pack cons

A

doesn’t include compression. not good for small areas or contours.

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10
Q

Vapocoolant spray advantages

A

quick to apply. can apply to small areas as desired. can replace lidocane.

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11
Q

Vapocoolant spray cons

A

only small areas.

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12
Q

ice massage advantages

A

can apply directly to small areas,

good for contours. can be cheap.

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13
Q

ice massage cons

A

can’t do large areas. usually requires someone to apply for the patient.

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14
Q

What is the “normal” patient response to cryotherapy? Include times.

A

Cold. (w/in 3 min)
Burning then (aching) (4-7 min)
Analgesia (8-15 min)
Numbness( local to total)( 15 to 30 min)

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15
Q

Physiologic effects of thermotherapy?

A 
Vasodilation.
Increased metabolic rate.
Pain control. (increases pain threshold.
increases extensibility of soft tissue.
increases circulation
increases nerve conduction velocity.
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16
Q

Indications for thermotherapy:

A
  1. Pain
  2. Stiffness/ poor ROM
  3. (want to) accelerate healing
  4. psoriasis
  5. sub acute/ chronic inflammation
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17
Q

Contraindication for thermotherapy:

A 
hemorrhage
thrombophlebitis
impaired sensation
impaired mentation
malignant tumors
18
Q

Why use a hot pack?

A

Cheap. Easy to apply. can cover large, broad areas.

19
Q

Precautions of thermotherapy:

A 
Acute injury or inflammation
pregnancy
edema
impaired circulation/ thermoregulation
open wound
topical agents/ transdermal medications
cardiac insufficiency
20
Q

What’s a drawback for a hotpack?

A

You can’t see the tx area. No good for small, or contoured areas

21
Q

IR Radiation: Pro

A

Targets deeper tissues

22
Q

Fluidotherapy: Pros

A

Good for contours.

23
Q

Why use paraffin?

A

Great for contours. Steady heat to extremities.

24
Q

Cons for paraffin?

A

Usually requires submersion. Messy.

25
Q

Contrast bath: Pros.

A

Can generate a pumping effect.

26
Q

Physiologic Effects of Ultrasound?

A 
Increase extensibility
increase blood flow
promote healing factors
increase heat
reduce pain
27
Q

indications for Ultrasound

A 
Pain
Soft tissue shortening
chronic tendonitis and TP
dermal ulcers
acute tendonittis 
bone fractures and delayed healing
carpal tunnel
28
Q

Contraindications for Ultrasound

A 
Malignant tumors
pregnancy
pacemaker
thrombophlebitis
eyes and reproductive organs
29
Q

Precautions for Ultrasound.

A

Acute inflammation
breast implants
ephypseal plates.

30
Q

What is the therapeutic temperature range?

A

104* C to 113*C

31
Q

How long does it take for 145F water to scald?

A

3 seconds.

32
Q

A frequency of 1MHz will target what tissue depth?

A

2.3-5 cm

33
Q

A frequency of 3 MHz will target what depth of tissue?

A

.8 - 1.6 cm

34
Q

Rank plasma, nerve, water, fat, muscle, and blood in therms of their absorbance? Low to High

A

Water, plasma, good, fat, muscle, nerve

35
Q

What is one reason why you should be extra cautious around nerves?

A

They absorb (nearly) twice as much energy as much.

36
Q

Rank fat, muscle, nerve, blood, plasma, and water in terms of penetration? (low to high)

A

nerve, muscle, fat, blood, plasma, water

37
Q

Why then therefore would you use water as a medium for US?

A

ultrasound penetrates it really well. So the energy is carried to the tissue you desire to target.
Otherwise most of the energy would be reflected at the air-soft tissue interface.

38
Q

What’s the treatment area?

A

Appx. 2x the size of the ERA.

The smallest possible treatment area is 1.25x the ERA.

39
Q

What are thermal effects of US?

A 
increased collagen extensibility
increase blood flow
increase tissue extensibility
heat
reduce pain
40
Q

What are the non thermal effects of UltraSound?

A
  1. stable cavitation
  2. accoustic steaming?
  3. microstreaming
    i. e. the optimum environment for wound healing?
41
Q

Thermal Duty Cycle?

A

100% continous

42
Q

Non thermal duty cycle?

A

20% pulse

Fundamentals (1 decks)

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