Physical Activity, Health, And Chronic Disease Flashcards
Physical activity
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction with an increase in energy expenditure
Exercise
A type of PA consisting of planned, structured repetitive bodily movements done to improve/maintain physical fitness
Physical inactivity
Failure to meet the PA guidelines
Sedentary behavior
Any waking behavior characterized by energy expenditure < or = 1.5 metabolic equivalents, while in a sitting/ laying posture
Physical fitness
A set of attributes or characteristics that individuals have or achieve that relates to their ability to perform PA
Light intensity PA
< 3.0 Mets (ex:walking)
Mod-intensity PA
3.0 - 5.9 Mets (ex:jogging)
Vig-intensity PA
> or = 6.0 Mets (ex: running)
1 met =
3.5 ml/kg/min ( O2 cost)
Sedentary Mets while sitting
1.5 or lower
Sedentary Mets while standing
3.0 Mets or lower
Exercise Mets (mod)
3.0 to 6.0
Exercise Mets (vig)
6.0 and up
Domains of PA
Recreation (sports), transport ( biking), occupation (coaches) , household (clean)
Morbidity
Rate of disease in a population
Morbidity
Rate of disease in a population
Mortality
Rate of death in a population
Cardio respiratory endurance
Ability of circulatory t respiratory system to supply O2 sustained in PA
Body comp
Relative amounts of muscle/fat/bone andother parts of body
Muscular strength
Ability of muscle to exert max force
Muscular endurance
Ability of muscle to continue to perform w/out fatigue
Flexibility
Range of motion at a joint
Agility
Ability to change the position of the body n space and accuracy
Coordination
Ability to use the senses such as sight and hearing together w/ body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurate
Balance
The maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving
Power
Ability or rate at which one can perform work
Reaction time
Time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it
Speed
The ability to perform a movement w/in a short period of time
Physical inactivity and sedentary life
Cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, psychological disease, pulmonary disease, metabolic disorders, cancer
Non communicable
No spread
Communicable
Can be spread
Physical inactivity risk =
Risk from smoking/ obesity
Pediatric inactivity triad
Exercise deficientdisorder (<60 min of MVPA daily)
Pediatric dynapenia ( lower strength / power)
Physical illiteracy( competence / confidence lower)
2008 PA guidelines - cardiovascular
300 min of mod aerobic activity per week or 150 min of vig
plus: 8-12 reps of resistance training 2x a week
2008 PA guidelines - general disease prevention/health promotion
150 min of mod aerobic activity per week or
75 min of vig
plus: 8-12 reps of resistance training 2x a week
Dose -response relationship
More dose, more response and more benefits
Reg PA associated w/:
Lower rates of all cause mortality, total CVD and CHD
Increased weight loss and reduced weight gain
Lower incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome
Lower risk of colon and breast cancer
Improved ability to complete activities of daily living and reduced risk of falls
Reduction in depression and cognitive disorder
Favorable changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors
