Physical Activity and Nutrition Flashcards
Definition of nutrition.
Intake of food considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs, i.e. whether your body gets enough of what it needs when it needs it.
Definition of malnutrition.
A serious condition that occurs when a person’s diet doesn’t contain the right amount of nutrients. It can refer to undernutrition or overnutrition.
What percentage of deaths in children under five are due to undernutrition?
Around 45%
How many deaths do overnutrition and obesity cause?
4 million annual deaths globally.
How much does malnutrition impact the economy?
4 trillion dollars per year.
What are the two categories of nutrients in food?
Macronutrients and micronutrients.
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts and provide energy and aids growth and repair.
What are the three major classes of macronutrients?
Fats
Carbohydrates
Protein
Alcohol may also be a major energy source, but not essential for health.
What are the three categories of fats?
Unsaturated
Saturated
Trans
Where are unsaturated fats mainly found?
Plants such as olive oils and fish.
What are the two types of unsaturated fats?
Monosaturated
Polysaturated.
What are the effects of unsaturated fats on the body?
Good for health as they reduce inflammation and lower cholesterol.
Where are saturated fats mainly found?
Meat
Dairy products.
What are the effects of saturated fats on the body?
Reduced consumption of saturated fats can be good for health of its replaced with unsaturated fats.
Where are trans fats mainly found?
They are artificial and are produced by eating vegetable oil in the presence of hydrogen. This increases stability and shelf life, meaning they are often used in processed and fast food.
What are the effect of trans fats on the body?
Very dangerous to health. Increase inflammation, insulin resistance and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
What are the two categories of carbohydrates?
Simple
Complex
What are carbohydrates built from?
Saccharides
Single molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What are simple carbohydrates composed of?
One or two saccharides in a chain.
Mono or disaccharide
What are examples of simple saccharides?
Glucose
Fructose
What are complex carbohydrates composed of?
Three or more saccharides in a chain
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
What is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
Starch
Which types of food contain complex carbohydrates?
Pasta
Rice
Key functions of fibre.
Regulates hunger through bulking properties
Regulates blood glucose by delaying gastric emptying and therefore slowing sugar absorption
Helps food to move through the gut and to ensure regular bowel movements
These properties help to reduce the risk of illnesses such as colon cancer , type two diabetes and heart disease
What are fibres?
Type of carbohydrate.
