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Lifestyle Medicine and Prevention > Physical Activity and Nutrition > Flashcards

Physical Activity and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of nutrition.

A

Intake of food considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs, i.e. whether your body gets enough of what it needs when it needs it.

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2
Q

Definition of malnutrition.

A

A serious condition that occurs when a person’s diet doesn’t contain the right amount of nutrients. It can refer to undernutrition or overnutrition.

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3
Q

What percentage of deaths in children under five are due to undernutrition?

A

Around 45%

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4
Q

How many deaths do overnutrition and obesity cause?

A

4 million annual deaths globally.

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5
Q

How much does malnutrition impact the economy?

A

4 trillion dollars per year.

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6
Q

What are the two categories of nutrients in food?

A

Macronutrients and micronutrients.

Macronutrients are needed in large amounts and provide energy and aids growth and repair.

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7
Q

What are the three major classes of macronutrients?

A

Fats
Carbohydrates
Protein
Alcohol may also be a major energy source, but not essential for health.

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8
Q

What are the three categories of fats?

A

Unsaturated
Saturated
Trans

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9
Q

Where are unsaturated fats mainly found?

A

Plants such as olive oils and fish.

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10
Q

What are the two types of unsaturated fats?

A

Monosaturated

Polysaturated.

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11
Q

What are the effects of unsaturated fats on the body?

A

Good for health as they reduce inflammation and lower cholesterol.

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12
Q

Where are saturated fats mainly found?

A

Meat

Dairy products.

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13
Q

What are the effects of saturated fats on the body?

A

Reduced consumption of saturated fats can be good for health of its replaced with unsaturated fats.

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14
Q

Where are trans fats mainly found?

A

They are artificial and are produced by eating vegetable oil in the presence of hydrogen. This increases stability and shelf life, meaning they are often used in processed and fast food.

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15
Q

What are the effect of trans fats on the body?

A

Very dangerous to health. Increase inflammation, insulin resistance and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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16
Q

What are the two categories of carbohydrates?

A

Simple

Complex

17
Q

What are carbohydrates built from?

A

Saccharides

Single molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

18
Q

What are simple carbohydrates composed of?

A

One or two saccharides in a chain.

Mono or disaccharide

19
Q

What are examples of simple saccharides?

A

Glucose

Fructose

20
Q

What are complex carbohydrates composed of?

A

Three or more saccharides in a chain
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

21
Q

What is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

A

Starch

22
Q

Which types of food contain complex carbohydrates?

A

Pasta

Rice

23
Q

Key functions of fibre.

A

Regulates hunger through bulking properties
Regulates blood glucose by delaying gastric emptying and therefore slowing sugar absorption
Helps food to move through the gut and to ensure regular bowel movements
These properties help to reduce the risk of illnesses such as colon cancer , type two diabetes and heart disease

24
Q

What are fibres?

A

Type of carbohydrate.

25
Q

What is protein essential for?

A

Growth and repair

26
Q

What are proteins building blocks of?

A

Enzymes, which catalyse almost all metabolic reactions that form from amino acids. Some amino acids can be made by the body, but nine of them, the essential amino acids, must be absorbed from food.

27
Q

Where are proteins found?

A 
Steak
Chicken breast
Legumes
Nuts
Seeds
Whole grains
28
Q

What are the two types of micronutrients?

A

Vitamins
Minerals
Essential, so cannot be made and have to be ingested

29
Q

What can vitamin c deficiency cause?

A

Scurvy

30
Q

What is vitamin D essential for?

A

Good bone health

31
Q

What are folate and iodine essential for?

A

Healthy foetal development

32
Q

What is iron essential for?

A

Blood production

33
Q

What is vitamin A important for?

A

Eyesight

Vitamin A is the leading cause of blindness in children

34
Q

What is water essential for?

A

Temperature and weight regulation.

Lifestyle Medicine and Prevention (1 decks)

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