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CISSP > Physical > Flashcards

Physical Flashcards

1
Q

Fences

A

Fences-
3-4’= deter;
5-7’ prevent;
8’ with 3 strands of outward slanting barbed wire for critical areas

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2
Q

Gates

A 
Gates- 
Class I (residential); 
Class II (commercial); 
Class III (industrial/limited); 
Class IV (restricted/airport/prison)
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3
Q

Bollards

A

Bollards- strong post for stopping cars

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4
Q

Lights

A

Lights-
o Fresnel- directional; originally used in lighthouses
o Lumen- amount of light one candle creates
o Footcandle- one lumen per square foot
o Lux- one lumen per square meter

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5
Q

CCTV

A

CCTV (closed circuit TV)- detective
o Tube Cameras (aka CRT cameras)- not to be confused with CRT displays
o CCD (charged-couple device)- modern, digital, mechanical irises
o Depth of field- the area that is in focus
o Field of view- the entire area viewed by the camera
o More light allows larger depth of field because smaller aperture places more image in focus
o VHS backs up tube cameras
o DVR or NVR (Network Video Recorder) backs up CCD

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6
Q

Key Bitting code

A

Bitting code- represents the depth of cut; 0 (shallow) – 9 (deep)

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7
Q

Pin tumbler lock

A

Pin tumbler lock- correct key makes driver pins and key pins align

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8
Q

Warded locks

A

Ward/Warded locks- must turn a key through channels

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9
Q

Skeleton key

A

Skeleton key- opens a variety of warded locks

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10
Q

Deadbolt

A

Deadbolt- rigid bolt

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11
Q

Lock bumping

A

Lock bumping- uses shaved down key inserted into keyhole, bumps key to make pins jumps while quickly turning the key

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12
Q

Master key

A

Master key- opens all locks in a security zone

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13
Q

Core key

A

Core key- removes interchangeable core locks

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14
Q

Combination locks

A

Combination locks- limited accountability for shared combos; button/keypad locks are vulnerable due to wear showing combo

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15
Q

Smart cards

A 
Smart cards (aka ICC- integrated Circuit Card)
o	Contact cards must be inserted into a reader
o	Contactless cards are read wirelessly (RFID- radio freq ID)
o	Many international credit cards are smart cards
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16
Q

Magnetic Stripe cards

A

Magnetic Stripe cards (aka swipe cards)
o Passive, contain information on magnetic strip
o Many credit cards in the US are magnetic

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17
Q

Mantrap

A

Mantrap- physical control with 2 doors unlocked in sequence

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18
Q

Tailgating

A

Tailgating (aka piggybacking)- unauthorized person follows an authorized; combine social engineering (carrying boxes)

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19
Q

Turnstile

A

Turnstile- prevents tailgating; must be designed for safe egress

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20
Q

Motion detector & perimeter alarms

A

Motion detector & perimeter alarms
o Ultrasonic and microwave work like Doppler radar; active sensor
o Photoelectric sends a beam of light across a monitored space to a photoelectric sensor; alerts when beam is broken; active sensor
o PIR (passive infrared sensor)- detects infrared energy created by body heat
o Magnetic door/window alarms- matched sensor; e current flows when closed

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21
Q

Doors and windows

A

Doors and windows
o Egress must be unimpeded
o Glass alternative- plexiglass (acrylic) and polycarbonate (eg Lexan)

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22
Q

Fail secure

A

Fail secure: Fails locked. No evacuation. Only in facilities where value of what is being protected exceeds human life. On the CISSP exam never choose fail secure . Fail soft/safe is the best choice

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23
Q

Fail Soft

A

Fail Soft: Opens outward, but door is locked to bar return

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24
Q

Fail Safe

A

Fail Safe: Door fails open (easiest to evacuate)

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25
Q

Walls, floors, ceilings

A

Walls, floors, ceilings
o Walls should go floor to ceiling (slab to slab) to prevent entry via floor or ceiling
o Walls should be strong (not sheetrock) with appropriate fire rating (not less than 1 hour)

26
Q

Guards

A

Guards
o Professional guards have training
o Pseudogaurd (mall cops) have no formal training
o Guard orders should be complete & clear; aware of security risks

27
Q

CPTED

A 
CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)- Provides instruction on direction of the use of:
o	Organizational (People)
o	Mechanical (Technology, hardware)
o	Natural Design (landscaping, natural environment)
28
Q

4Ds

A

4Ds-
o Deter- Fencing, lighting, security guards, guard dogs, signs, etc
o Delay- increase the time and effort needed to commit the crime
o Detect- e.g. cause the person to make more noise
o Deny- remove the rewards received from a crime opportunity

29
Q

Site Selection issues

A

Site Selection issues
o Greenfield is undeveloped lot of land
o Topography- physical shape of land; use it to steer ingress and egress
o Utility reliability- UPS (uninterruptible power supply) provides short term protection
o Local crime rates

30
Q

Site design issues

A

Site design issues
o Telecom demarcation; shared demarc
o Site marking- data centers usually not marked externally
o Shared tenancy pose security issues; wireless security
o Optimally, a data center would be on floor 2 or 3 (middle floors) to avoid floods, traffic, fire

31
Q

electrical faults

A 
electrical faults
o	blackout- prolonged loss of power
o	brownout- prolonged low voltage
o	fault- short loss of power
o	surge- prolonged high voltage
o	spike- short high voltage
o	sag- short low voltage
32
Q

surge protector

A

surge protector- protect from surges; shorts the power down to acceptable level

33
Q

UPS

A

UPS (uninterruptible power supply)- temp backup; also refine/protect against e faults; use batteries or fuel cells; used as bridge to generator power

34
Q

Generator

A

Generator- used for longer periods than UPS

35
Q

EMI

A

Electromagnetic interference (EMI)- crosstalk caused by magnetism from cables run too close; impacts integrity and confidentiality; fiber optic is not susceptible to EMI

36
Q

HVAC

A

HVAC (Heating Ventilation & AC)- closed loop (recirculating air) to reduce airborn contaminants

37
Q

Positive pressure

A

Positive pressure & drainage- air and water should be expelled from building so water/air drains away from building

38
Q

Heat & humidity

A

Heat & humidity- 68-77 F; 40-55% humidity

39
Q

Static

A

Static- caused by low humidity; improper grounding

40
Q

Corrosion

A

Corrosion- caused by high humidity & condensation

41
Q

Airborne contaminants

A

Airborne contaminants- cause overheating, static buildup, corrosion; mitigated by positive pressure

42
Q

Smoke detector

A

Smoke detector- ionization (radioactive source creates small e charge) or photoelectric (LED & photosensor that generates a small charge when receiving the light)

43
Q

Flame detector

A

Flame detector- detect infrared or ultraviolet light; requires line of sight

44
Q

Class A Extinguisher

A

Class A Extinguisher- common combustible (wood, paper); extinguished using water or soda acid

45
Q

Class B Extinguisher

A

Class B Extinguisher - burning alchohol, oil, petroleum products; extinguished with gas (CO2, Halon/substitute) or soda acid

46
Q

Class C Extinguisher

A

Class C Extinguisher - electrical; extinguished with non-conductive agent (CO2, Halon/substitute)

47
Q

Class C Extinguisher (Europe)

A

Class C Extinguisher (Europe)- flammable gases; extinguished with gas (CO2, Halon/substitute) or soda acid

48
Q

Class E Extinguisher (Europe)

A

Class E Extinguisher (Europe)- electrical; extinguished with non-conductive agent (CO2, Halon/substitute)

49
Q

Class D Extinguisher

A

Class D Extinguisher - burning metals; extinguished with dry powder

50
Q

Class K Extinguisher

A

Class K Extinguisher - kitchen fire with oil or grease; wet chemicals

51
Q

Fire Suppression agents

A 
Fire Suppression agents- 
reduce temp; 
reduce Oxygen; 
reduce fuel supply; 
interfere w/ chemical reaction
52
Q

Water

A

Water- lowers temp below ignition or kindling point

53
Q

Soda acid

A

Soda acid- (old giant brass pressurized extinguisher)- lower temp and reduces oxygen

54
Q

Dry powder

A

Dry powder- eg sodium chloride; lowering temp and reduce oxygen

55
Q

Wet chemical

A

Wet chemical- eg potassium acetate & water; lowers tempature

56
Q

CO2

A

CO2- removes oxygen; risk of suffocating personnel; All gas systems (CO2, Halon)- should use a countdown sys to get people out

57
Q

Halon

A

Halon- ozone depleting; chemical reaction that consumes energy and lowers temp
o 1989 Montreal Accord banned halon by 1994;
o Halon substitutes- Argon, FE-13, FM-200, Inergen

58
Q

Wet pipe sprinkler systems

A

Wet pipe- water up to sprinkler head; glass bulb breaks/melts at temp

59
Q

Dry pipe sprinkler systems

A

Dry pipe- pipes filled with compressed air; used where water may freeze

60
Q

Deluge sprinkler systems

A

Deluge- water is held back by deluge valve opened when fire alarm is triggered, not good for data centers

61
Q

Preaction sprinkler systems

A

Preaction- combination of wet, dry, deluge; require 2 triggers to release water; used in areas (data centers and museums) where discharge would be expensive

62
Q

PASS

A

Portable fire extinguisher

PASS- Pull the pin, Aim low, Squeeze the handle, Sweep the fire

CISSP (13 decks)

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