Physical Flashcards
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frontal plane motion of a limb away from the
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Abduction & Adduction: Abduction is the
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Fundamentals of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports 141
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movements include:
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axis. The specific frontal plane fundamental
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position and occur around the anterior-posterior
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fundamental movements are from anatomical
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movements. Remember that all of these
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are abduction
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adduction
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the frontal plane
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the fundamental movements
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- Frontal Plane Fundamental Movements: In
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Rotation.
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to as Internal/External and Inward/Outward
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Medial & Lateral Rotation: These are referred
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(backward and up).
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aspect (front) of the scapula tipping posterior
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whereas posterior tipping refers to the anterior
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tipping anterior (forward and downward)
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refers to the anterior aspect (front) of the scapula
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specific to the scapula and anterior tipping
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> Anterior & Posterior Tipping: These are
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names include:
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plane fundamental movements with differing
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superior-inferior axis. The transverse sagittal
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from anatomical position and occur around the
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that all of these fundamental movements are
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is a transverse plane movement). Remember
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that any movement with rotation in the name
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movements are rotation type movemnent (note
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In the transverse plane
the fundamental
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3. Transverse Plane Fundamental Movements:
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tilting posterior (backward and up).
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refers to the anterior aspect (front) of the pelvis
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(forward and downward)
whereas posterior tilt
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aspect (front) of the pelvis tilting anterior
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the pelvis and anterior title refers to the anterior
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Anterior & Posterior Tilt: These are specific to
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to the toes moving toward the shin.
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(toward the ground)
whereas dorsi-flexion refers
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plantar flexion refers to the toes moving posterior
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are specific to the ankle (talo-cural joint) and
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o Plantar flexion & Dorsi-flexion: These
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plane of the body.
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refer to flexion/extension movements
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beyond the
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extensions of
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flexion/extension
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movements
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and
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Hyperflexion & Hyperextension: These are
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inferior (downward).
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corresponding with the acromion process moving
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superior (upward) and downward rotation
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corresponding with the acromion process moving
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specific to the scapula
with upward rotation
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Upward & Downward Rotation: These are
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fundamnental frontal plane movements.
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in anatomical position
these are considered
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foot). However
because the foot point anterior
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occur around the long axis of a segnment (the
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with transverse plane movements because they
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Note that these movements are often confused
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eversion refers to the foot rotating laterally.
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foot rotating toward the midline of the body and
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the long axis of the foot. Inversion refers to the
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Inversion & Eversion: Refers to
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rotation down
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segment.
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joint angle between a segment and its proximal
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sagittal plane movement that increases the
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segment
whereas extension is defined as a
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ioint angle between a segment and its proximal
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sagittal plane movement that decreases the
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Rlexion & Extension: Flexion is defined as a
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ulna.
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deviation refers to the pinky moving toward the
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to the thumb moving toward the radius and ulnar
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anatomical position) and radial deviation refers
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to the wrist (remember palms face anterior in
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& Radial & Ulnar Deviation: These are specific
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pelvic tilt).
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side of the pelvis moving superiorly (left lateral
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superiorly
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(right lateral pelvic tilt) or the left
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in which the right side of the pelvis moves
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are specific to the pelvis and refer to rotation
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movements include:
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axis.
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The
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specitic
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sagittal
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plane
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fundamental
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* Right & Left Lateral Pelvic Tilt: These
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around the medio-lateral
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position
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0ccur
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and
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plane
fundamental
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the movements
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the
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sagittal
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Fundamental Movements: In
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1
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Sagittal
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Plane
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pndamental movements are from anatomical
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movements. emember that all of these
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flexion
extensiOn
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through the belly button).
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(think of the anterior-posterior axis running
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ilexion or left in the cas8e of left lateral flexion
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Totation to the right in the case of right lateral
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specilic to the trunk and refer to frontal plane
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¢ Right & Left Lateral Flexion: These are
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of Axis and Planes in
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8.5.3
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Application
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Body Movements
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movements beyond the plane of the body.
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movements and refer to abduction/adduction
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These are extensiong of abduction/adduction
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Hyperabduction & Hyperadduction:
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the vertical axis
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rotating around
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when a skater performs a spin lhey ar0
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example
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through the centre of the body. For
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bottom
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This line runs fom top to
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Vertical axis:
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midline of the body.
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the frontal plane motion of a limb towards the
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What is circumduction?
Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner, where one end remains relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle. It involves a combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint.
## Footnote
This type of motion is found at biaxial condyloid and saddle joints, and at multiaxial ball-and-socket joints.
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What is supination?
Supination is a movement of the forearm where the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward. In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel to each other. Supination returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing position.
## Footnote
It helps to remember that supination is the motion used when scooping up soup with a spoon.
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What is pronation?
Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated position to the pronated position, where the palm faces backward and the radius and ulna form an X-shape. This motion is produced by rotation of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint.
## Footnote
It is accompanied by movement of the radius at the distal radioulnar joint.
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What are the three planes of motion in the human body?
The three planes of motion are:
1. Sagittal plane: Divides the body into left and right sides.
2. Frontal plane: Divides the body into front and back.
3. Transverse plane: Divides the body horizontally into upper and lower halves.
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What movements occur in the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension types of movement occur in the sagittal plane.
## Footnote
Examples include kicking a football, chest pass in netball, walking, jumping, and squatting.
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What movements occur in the frontal plane?
Abduction and adduction movements occur in the frontal plane.
## Footnote
Examples include jumping jack exercises, raising and lowering arms and legs sideways, and cartwheeling.
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What movements occur in the transverse plane?
Rotation types of movement occur in the transverse plane.
## Footnote
Examples include hip rotation in a golf swing, twisting in a discus throw, pivoting in netball, and spinning in skating.
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What is an axis in the context of body movement?
An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates. Movement at a joint takes place in a plane about an axis.
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What is the frontal axis?
The frontal axis runs from left to right through the center of the body.
## Footnote
For example, when a person performs a somersault, they rotate around this axis.
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What is the sagittal axis?
The sagittal axis, also known as the antero-posterior axis, runs from front to back through the center of the body.
## Footnote
For example, when a person performs a cartwheel, they are rotating about the sagittal axis.
