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physics the entire chapter > physic secondary 3 > Flashcards

physic secondary 3 Flashcards

the entire chapter within 9.30

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1
Q

physical quantity

A

a physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured using a numerical magnitudes and a unit

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2
Q

name in 6 base quantity s.i unit and symbol

A

length - meter - m
mass - kilograms -kg
time - seconds - s
electrical current - ampere
thermodynamic temperature -kelvin- k
amount of substance - mole - mol

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3
Q

state all the prefixes

A

tera- T - 10^12
giga -G- 10^9
mega-M-10^6
kilo-k-10^3
deci- d- 10^-1
centi-c-10^-2
milli-m-10^-3
micro-u- 10^-6
nano-n-10^-9

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4
Q

what is a standard form

A

standard form is a form of writing numbers between 1-10 is multiplied by an appropriate

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5
Q

measuring rule

A

a meter rule can measure distances of up to 1m
precision or smallest distance measure - 0.1 mm- 1cm

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6
Q

a measuring tape

A

a steel measuring tape can measure up straight long distances of more than a meter
a cloth measuring tape can measure the circumference or length along a curved surface
0- several meters
precision - 1cm to 0.1mm

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7
Q

digital caliper

A

the digital caliper is used to measure the internal and external diameter of an object accurately
0-15cm
precision of 0.001cm or 0.1

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8
Q

parts of a digital caliper

A

scale
- tail to measure the depth of an object
inside jaw to measure the internal diameter of an object
outside jaw to measure external diameter of an object
digital display to showcase the numerical value
zero button used to reset the value to 0

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9
Q

digital micrometer screw gauges

A

used to measure too small to be measured using the digital caliper
0-2.5cm
precision - 0.0001cm or 0.001mm

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10
Q

describe the parts of the digital micrometer screw gauge

A

place the object in between the anvil and the spindle and turn the object until the spindle is in contact with the object and ensure it is tight with the spindle and anvil

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11
Q

precision of an instrument

A

precision of an instrument is the smallest unit which the instrument can measure

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12
Q

human errors in experiments parallax errors

A

parallax error - when our eyes are not positioned perpendicular to the ruler

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13
Q

measurement of time

A

using a pendulum is the instrument used to measure time which consist of a heavy object like a bob attached to the free moving end and the other end of the string is fixed attached to a retort stand

when the pendulum moves to and fro complete motion this is known as one complete oscillation

a period is the amount of time needed to complete one oscillation

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14
Q

human reaction time and how to prevent inaccurate data

A

using human reaction is inaccurate as it introduces random error which is 0.3s to 0.5s average
take reading to 1 decimal place
use a electronic sensor as it is more accurate

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15
Q

in a pendulum state the factors that affect the period of one pendulum

A

one complete oscillation is affected by the length of the string and bob - the greater the length the greater the time taken to complete a swing

time is not affected by mass

the time taken to complete one full oscillation is affect by the angle of oscillation which the greater the angle oscillation the greater the time taken for one complete

the gravitational field strength affects the time taken for one complete one swing - the greater the gravity the shorter the time taken for one swing

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16
Q

what is a scalar quantities

A

scalar quantities is the a physical quantity that has a magnitude only

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17
Q

what is a vector quantities

A

vector quantities is a physical quantity that has both a magnitude and direction

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18
Q

examples of scalar quantity

A

speed , mass, length , density , time energy

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19
Q

examples of vector quantity

A

displacement , distance ,weight , acceleration , force

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20
Q

what is the diff between distance and displacement

A

distance is a scalar quantity while displacement is a vector quantity

distance is the total length covered by an object regardless of the direction while displacement is in a specific direction in a straight line which is the shortest distance needed to make it from one place to another

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21
Q

speed

A

speed is the distance travelled per unit time

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22
Q

velocity

A

velocity is the rate of change in displacement

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23
Q

average speed

A

average speed is the total distance over the total time taken
average speed is the assumption that someone ran at a constant speed throughout
the difference in speed during a run is known as instantaneous speed

24
Q

uniform speed

A

uniform speed is when the change in distance travelled for every unit of time is the same

25
Q

average velocity

A

average velocity is the total displacement over the total time taken

26
Q

acceleration

A

acceleration is the rate of change in the velocity

27
Q

uniformed acceleration

A

uniformed acceleration happens when the change in velocity per time unit is the same
which by definition is the constant rate in the change of velocity per time unit

28
Q

non uniformed acceleration

A

non uniformed accelerations occurs when the change in the velocity per time unit is different

29
Q

what does the gradient in a displacement time graph give

A

velocity

30
Q

acceleration of free fall due to gravity

A

acceleration due to gravity is a constant to any object found near the surface of earth

31
Q

what is a force

A

a force is a push or a pull which can possibly change the direction and speed of an object

32
Q

the difference between a contact and non contact force

A

a non contact force is a force that does not require direct contact of the objects
a contact force is a force that requires the direct contact between the object

33
Q

friction

A

friction is a contact force that opposed to motion between the objects

34
Q

air resistance

A

air resistance is the frictional force exerted by air that also opposes motion to moving objects

35
Q

normal force

A

normal force is the force exerted by a surface on a object pressing against it - the imaginary vertical line of normal force is always perpendicular to the object

36
Q

tension

A

tension is a pull exerted by a stretched compressed object on the object attached

37
Q

mass

A

the measure of the amount of matter found in an object

38
Q

weight

A

weight is the amount of gravitational force acting on an object

39
Q

gravitational field

A

gravitational field is a region which is when a force is experienced by an object due to gravitational attraction

40
Q

gravitational field strength

A

gravitational field strength is defined as the amount of gravitational force per unit mass at that point
10n/kg on earth

41
Q

effects of a force

A

it causes a stationary object to move / or cause a moving object to be at rest
it causes a moving body to increase / decrease in speed
it can cause a moving object to change in direction

42
Q

balanced forces

A

balanced forces is when the total resultant force acting on an object is 0

43
Q

newtons first law of motion

A

newtons first law of motion state that every object will remain in constant motion or a state of rest unless a resultant force is applied on to the object

44
Q

inertia

A

inertia of an object is the reluctance of object to change its state of motion or rest due to mass
the greater the mass the greater the

45
Q

internal energy

A

internal energy is a store that is associated with the kinetic energy in the random motion particles and the potential energy between the particles

46
Q

what is heat capacity

A

heat capacity of an object is the change of its internal energy per unit change in temperature

46
Q

what affects heat capacity

A

the number of particles in an object as there is more energy that is stored
the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction the greater the strength the harder it is as there is more kinetic energy stored

47
Q

formula of heat capacity

A

heat capacity C= Q/^0
Q is the change in internal energy by energy transfer
^0 is the change in temperature

48
Q

specific heat capacity

A

specific heat capacity of a material is the change of its internal energy per unit mass for each unit change in its temperature

49
Q

formula for specific heat capacity

A

c=C/m =(Q/m^0)
c specific heat capacity
C heat capacity
m- mass
^0 change in temperature

50
Q

si unit for specific heat capacity and heat capacity

A

C- j/k or j/celsius
c- j/kg k j/kg celsius

51
Q

difference between specific heat capacity and heat capacity

A

heat capacity is seen as a property of an object made of different materials while specific heat capacity is seen as a property of a uniform material

52
Q

what does specific heat capacity mean

A

it is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 kg of the material by 1 k

53
Q

what does heat capacity mean

A

it is the amount of energy to raise the object by 1k

54
Q

similarity between boiling and evaporation

A

boiling and evaporation both are involved in vaporization

during boiling bubbles are seen throughout and the boiling point remains constant

evaporation only takes place at the surface of the water exposed to air

55
Q
A

physics the entire chapter (4 decks)

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