PHYSCI Flashcards
The theory that the universe began in a hot, dense state and has since expanded and cooled.
Big bang theory
the process by which elements are formed within stars.
Stellar nucleosynthesis
NOT a part of Nucleosynthesis
EXO nucleosynthesis
Refers to the formation of the heavy elements by fusion of lighter nuclei within stars
Nuclear fusion
the fundamental particles of all matter.
electron, proton, neutron
The former are elements with atomic numbers beyond lawrencium 1(Z=103)whllett latter are synthetic elements with atomic numbers higher than that of uranium (Z=92)
transuranic elements and super heavy elements differ
type of nuclear synthesis is believed to be the origin of the production of heavy elements
Supernova nucleosynthesis
They have low surface tension
Non polar
-It has linear shape
Carbon dioxide a non polar substance
The presence of polar covalent bonds, The presence of non-polar covalent bonds, The shape of the molecule
factors determine the polarity of a molecule
Zn+2HCI-> ZnCl + H₂
Increase the HCI concentration
- It increases the number of effective collisions among reactants, thus increasing the reaction rate
effect of temperature rise in a chemical reaction
NOT a represent ratio of the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation
Moles
• In a chemical equation, the coefficients tell you the number of molecules of each reactant used, and the number of nuclear fusion
.refers to the formation of the heavy elements by fusion of lighter nuclei within stars
molecules of each product made.
O²+Fe-> Fe² O³
unbalanced equations shows rust, Fe_{2}O_{3}, forming when oxygen, O_{2}, reacts with iron, Fe
2 NaBr + 1 Cl² →
2 NaCl + 1 Br²
factor cannot help to determine the limiting reactant
Pressure given
The reactant that is used up first and prevents more product from being made.
Limiting reactant
used to create methane and alcohol which are fuels useful in energy production and in powering automobiles
Biomass
includes hydrocarbons such as coal, oil, and natural gas that comes from organic remains of prehistoric organisms
Fossil fuels
is NOT the reason why we use solar thermal energy systems
the amount of sunlight varies depending on location, time of day, season of the year, and weather conditions
Two most common types of biofuels
ethanol and biodiesel
Hot water from hydrothermal vents is collected into a heat exchanger. The heat from the water is transferred to another fluid (e.g.isobutane) which evaporates and drives the turbines to generate electricity
Hydrothermal energy
renewable energy sources can be harnessed all the time
Solar energy
basic pH of a certain products.
Ph greater than 7
compounds has no hydrogen
carbon tetrachloride-
conversion of energyof pants to carry out.
Radiant to chemical
contain only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Carbohydrates and lipids
Blueprint of life
DNA
Fats
are solid at room temperature and contain saturated fatty acid.
Oils
are liquid at room temperature and contain unsaturated fatty acids
- It makes lower energy pathways available
catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction
states that reacting substances must encounter enough activation energy and correct orientation
Collision
The surface area of the reactants increases the number of collisions among particles increase surface area
rate of a chemical reaction increase
intermolecular force exists between polar molecules
Dipole dipole
if the electronegativity difference between 2 atoms is greater than 0.4 but less than 2.1
- covalent and polar
Tend to attract one another
Polar molecules
if Viscosity is higher, Solubility is greater
intermolecular forces of a molecule are stronger-
Finding the central atom of a molecule, Determining the electron pair orientation using the total number of atoms
shape or molecular geometry of a substance using VSEPR-
Attraction between an ion and a polar molecule
Ion dipole attraction
It has zero net dipole moment.
H²S has a bent geometry
NH, and H₂O
Hydrogen bond
building block of protein
Amino acid
Zn + 2HCl —> ZnCl2 + H2
Increase the HCI concentration
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Active ingredients of cleaning agents
Cleaning agents contain active ingredients such as surfactants, enzymes, solvents, acids, alkalis, bleaching agents, and fragrances. These ingredients work together to remove dirt, stains, and germs from surfaces, ensuring effective cleaning results. Understanding these active ingredients helps in choosing the right cleaning agent for specific cleaning tasks, maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in various environments.
