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Physiology III > Phys III - Exam 3 > Flashcards

Phys III - Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

At the end of expiration, what is the relationship between alveolar P, atmospheric P, and pleural P?

A

alveolar P = atmospheric P > pleural P

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2
Q

When would transpulmonary pressure be at its highest value?

A

when the lung is fully inflated

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3
Q

What expiratory muscle is an important spine stabilizer?

A

transverse abdominus

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4
Q

What is a major function of surfactant?

A

reduces surface tension

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5
Q

What happens to airway resistance during expiration?

A

increases

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6
Q

If physiologic dead space = 200 ml and anatomic dead space = 100, what is the nonfunctional alveolar volume?

A

100 ml

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7
Q

A person who is breathing at a rate of 12 breaths per minute with an average fluid volume of 450 ml per breath has an arterial PCO2 of 35 mmHg. What breathing pattern do they have?

A

hyperventilation

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8
Q

What three volumes/capacities cannot be determined with basic spirometry?

A

RV, FRC, and TLC

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9
Q

What effect will histamine binding to H2 receptors have on airway smooth muscle?

A

dilation

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10
Q

What local effect with Prostaglandin F series have on airway smooth muscle?

A

constriction

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11
Q

If alveolar oxygen is abnormally low, what effect would that have on vascular smooth muscle locally?

A

vasoconstriction

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12
Q

Without surfactant, as alveolar radius decreases, what happens to the collapse tendency of the lung?

A

increases

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Since carbon dioxide is slightly larger than oxygen, its diffusability in aqueous fluid is slightly less than that of oxygen.

A

false

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14
Q

At rest, flow near the apex of the lung when a person is in an upright position is best described as which of the following?

No flow
Intermittent flow
Continuous flow

A

intermittent flow

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15
Q

Compared to atmospheric air, alveolar air has a lower concentration of which of the following? Pick all correct responses.

nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water vapor

A

nitrogen and oxygen

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16
Q

What effect does stimulation of the SNS have on sensitivity of central chemoreceptors to hypoxia?

increases
decreases
no effect

A

no effect (peripheral chemoreceptors)

17
Q

Endogenous production of which of the following promotes vasodilation?

oxygen
norepinephrine
angiotensin II
ADH
carbon monoxide
A

carbon monoxide

18
Q

Normally, what percentage of CO2 in the blood is simply dissolved?

A

7%

19
Q

If the ventilation/perfusion ratio is .2, what is there an increase of?

A

physiologic shunt blood

20
Q

The basic ventilatory response is set by neurons in which of the following areas?

ventral respiratory group
dorsal respiratory group
pneumotaxic center
apneustic center
spinal cord
A

dorsal respiratory group

21
Q

Stimulation of pneumotaxic center would cause what change in breathing?

rapid and shallow
slow and deep
apnea
hyperpnea

A

rapid and shallow (because it inhibits the duration of inspiration)

22
Q

Stimulation of stretch receptors in the lungs at tidal volumes greater than 1500 ml will have what effect on the dorsal respiratory group?

stimulate
inhibit
no effect

A

inhibit

23
Q

Compared to a resting cardiac output, if the velocity of pulmonary capillary blood flow increases 3 fold, how would arterial PO2 be affected?

A

unchanged

“Under resting conditions blood is fully oxygenated by the time it has passed the first 1/3 of pulmonary capillary. Even if velocity increases 3x, full oxygenation occurs.” Slide 52

24
Q

A deep sea diver is at 180 feet and is running low on his breathing gas. What would happen if he ascends too rapidly and doesn’t have ample time to decompress?

A

Nitrogen bubble out of blood/tissues and causes problems

“Nitrogen bubbles out of fluids after sudden decompression.” Slide 107

25
Q

Pulmonary blood flow is equal to what?

A

Cardiac output

26
Q

Why is coughing not effective at clearing smaller airways?

A

Can’t generate enough velocity

27
Q

A sigmoid shaped curve with steep portion below a PO2 of 40 mmHg will cause what?

A

A release of O2 from Hemoglobin (oxy-hemoglobin dissociation)

28
Q

If there is an obstructive lung condition, which of the following would be most significantly reduced?

A

peak expiratory flow

29
Q

Which statement about bronchial artery blood flow is false?

carries oxygenated blood to the lungs
some drains into pulmonary veins
some drains into azygous veins
carries doxygenated blood to the lungs

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

30
Q

What statement is best associated with transpulmonary pressure?

A

measure of the recoil tendency of the lung

31
Q

Most of the recoil tendency of the lung is due to what?

A

surface tension forces

32
Q

What is NOT a pathophysiologic consequence of hyperventilation?

A

decreased oxy-hemoglobin affinity

33
Q

Why is the left ventricular output slightly higher than the right ventricular output?

A

some bronchial artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins

Physiology III (1 decks)

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