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Fundamentals of GIS > Phys geo exam 3 > Flashcards

Phys geo exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What pedogenic regime is common for prairies/grasslands, fairly fertile, and allows for some calcium salts to be mined

A

calcification

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2
Q

what pedogenic regime has gray soil, is good for coniferous/boreal forests, and means “like ashes” in russian

A

Podzolization

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3
Q

What pedogenic regime is white, is found in arid/semi arid environments, and has salt deposits that leave the environment toxic to plants

A

salinization

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4
Q

what pedogenic regime is gray, found in flat lands/ very few trees, and is polish for “muddy ground”

A

gleization

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5
Q

What pedogenic regime is brick-red, weathers rapidly, and is found in angola

A

laterization

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6
Q

what water movement is associated with Hygroscopic actions

A

no direction, because the water “sticks” to itself

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7
Q

what water movement-direction is associated with Capillary action

A

any

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8
Q

what soil color has the most fertility

A

black/dark brown

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9
Q

what soil color has the least fertility

A

grey/blue

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10
Q

what soil forming processes are associated with the Geologic factor

A

Parent material

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11
Q

what soil forming processes are associated with the topographic factor

A

slope

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12
Q

what soil forming processes are associated with the temporal factor

A

Erosion

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13
Q

what soil forming processes are associated with the climactic factor

A

temperature, moisture

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14
Q

Dying, but still solid pieces of twigs, stalks, and leaves are known as what?

A

litter

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15
Q

What is a soil classification that is found in Oklahoma?

A

Mollisols

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16
Q

What is the lightest part of earth’s structure?

A

The crust

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17
Q

What is the heaviest part of earth’s structure?

A

the mantle

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18
Q

what is the approximate distance from the core to the center of the earth?

A

around 2200 miles

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19
Q

what is the approximate distance from the crust to the center of the earth

A

4000 miles

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20
Q

what is the approximate distance from the crust to the mantle

A

30 miles

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21
Q

what is the approximate distance from the mantle to the core

A

1800 miles

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22
Q

the rock cycle describes how varying ______ and _______ are applied to rocks will lead igneous rock becoming sediment

A

heat/pressure

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23
Q

what is the transitional point between the crust and the upper mantle?

A

moho

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24
Q

what portion of the mantle is the least rigid?

A

the aesthenosphere

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25
Q

rock on the surface of the earth is a

A

outcrop

26
Q

solid rock below earth’s surface is the

A

bedrock

27
Q

broken rock under earth’s surface is the

A

regolith

28
Q

the Giant’s causeway is made of

A

Basalt

29
Q

what rock is most commonly associated with natural gas/oil deposits?

A

sedimentary

30
Q

What part of earth’s structure determines the magnetic field of the planet

A

The outer core

31
Q

what describes the buoyancy differences between the crust and the mantle

A

Isostasy

32
Q

Landforms are characterized by what 4 things?

A

Drainage, Process, structure, and slope

33
Q

the source of the fault motion associated with an earthquake is the

A

focus

34
Q

what region of the world has an ocean-continent convergence

A

Cascades (pacific northwest)

35
Q

ocean-ocean ?

A

Aleutiian Islands; Japan; Sumatra and Java

36
Q

Divergent?

A

Iceland and Mid-Atlantic ridge; rift valley

37
Q

Transform

A

Socal and san andreas fault

38
Q

What volcanic eruption shut down air traffic between NA and europe?

A

Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland

39
Q

What magma has a high viscosity and is more explosive?

A

Felsic

40
Q

What did Marie Tharp map

A

Mid-Atlantic ridge

41
Q

Seafloor spreading occurs along a

A

divergent boundary

42
Q

A moment-magnitude earthquake 8 is double the intensity of a mm of 4

A

false

43
Q

what type of magma has a low viscosity and is less explosive

A

mafic

44
Q

Ddfine a lava dome volcano

A

solidified lava plugging the top of the volcano, explosive eruption

45
Q

shield volcano

A

broad sloping mountain; fluid lava with relatively frequent eruptions

46
Q

define cinder cone

A

solidified lava plugging the top of the volcano; explosive eruptions

47
Q

mechanical weatering includes

A

exfoliation, salt wedging, frost wedging

48
Q

what chemical weathering process helps form gypsum, as seen as white sands nat’ll park

A

hydration

49
Q

what describes algae and fingi that help biologically weather rocks

A

lichen

50
Q

what nat’l park has a rockfall

A

mount zion

51
Q

the rockfall at mount zion kwas triggered by which agent of weathering

A

temperature

52
Q

t/f: water lowers the angle of repose, making it easier for debris to move downslope

A

true

53
Q

what type of mass wasting is a lahar

A

volcanic mudflow

54
Q

what types of gaps in rokcs correspond with lava vesicles

A

holes in cooled lava where gas was trapped

55
Q

gaps- solution cavities

A

soluble materials are removed by percolating water

56
Q

joints

A

whatever tf is left over

57
Q

joints

A

stress fractures

58
Q

faults

A

forced displacements

59
Q

microscopic openings

A

pores, spaces, and minute fractures

60
Q

types of mass wasting associated w/ permafrost and tundra expansion and cpmtractopm

A

slump

61
Q

mass wasting is driven by what?

A

gravity

Fundamentals of GIS (6 decks)

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