phys exam chap 8

Question 1

what makes up the meninges

Answer 1

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 2

what produces cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 2

ependymal cells

Question 3

CNS consist of

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

PNS consist of

Answer 4

brain and spinal nerves

Question 5

cerebrum

Answer 5

right and left, connected by corpus callosum

Question 6

cerebral cortex

Answer 6

outer shell of gray matter (no myelinated axons)

Question 7

white matter

Answer 7

myelinated axons

Question 8

frontal lobes

Answer 8

contain motor cortices, voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Question 9

parietal lobes

Answer 9

contain somatosensory cortices, perception of senses

Question 10

temporal lobe

Answer 10

auditory cortex, perception and interpretation of auditory information

Question 11

occipital lobe

Answer 11

visual cortex, perception and interpretation of visual images

Question 12

insula

Answer 12

deep, gut thoracic feeling, assessing body states

Question 13

PET scans

Answer 13

radionucleotide, produces 3D image or picture of processes in the body

Question 14

MRI

Answer 14

use of magnet for imaging, protons (H+) are charged and spin

Question 15

EEG

Answer 15

tracks brain waves

Question 16

contralateral

Answer 16

right side of brain controls left side of body, etc

Question 17

corpus callosum

Answer 17

high concentration of neuronal pathways, communication

Question 18

broca’s area

Answer 18

motor cortex, coordinates fine motor functions involved in speech

Question 19

wernicke’s area

Answer 19

somatosensory, responsible for ability to comprehend language and formulate words

Question 20

brocas aphasia

Answer 20

speech is poorly articulated, understood what is spoken but difficult to respond

Question 21

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 21

speak easily, using real & made up words, can’t understand spoken or written language

Question 22

basal nuclei

Answer 22

suppresses unwanted movement, releases dopamine, excitatory inhibitory

Question 23

what disease is associated with basal nuclei, explain

Answer 23

parkinsons, deficient in dopamine, patients are given dopamine

Question 24

limbic system consist of

Answer 24

amygldala and hippocampus

Question 25

non declarative memory

Answer 25

memory of simple skills; ex: tying shoes, doing dishes

Question 26

declarative memory

Answer 26

memory of SPECIFIC facts and events

Question 27

memory consolidation

Answer 27

in the temporal lobes (amygdala & hippocampus) involved in converting short term memory to long term memory, sleep needed

Question 28

alzheimer's disease

Answer 28

accumulation of amyloid plaques, found in limbic system. accumulation of intracellular proteins forming tau-build up and then breaks down brain

Question 29

diencephalon consist of

Answer 29

thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 30

relays information

Answer 30

thalamus

Question 31

brain stem

Answer 31

midbrain, pons, medulla, detects vegetative functions

Question 32

midbrain...

Answer 32

motor movements of the eye, auditory processing

Question 33

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 33

promotes wakefulness

Question 34

medulla oblongata

Answer 34

relay between brain and spinal cord; contains nuclei that control basal survival functions: cardiac center: regulate HR respiratory center: regulates respiration vasomotor center: controls BP and blood vessel diameter

Question 35

cerebellum

Answer 35

connected w/ frontal lobe, maintains proper position of body, if damaged produces ataxia

Question 36

spinal cord structure: ascending tracts

Answer 36

carry sensory information up to the brain (afferent)

Question 37

spinal cord structure: descending tracts

Answer 37

carry motor information out (efferent)

Question 38

spinal NERVES (PNS): dorsal root

Answer 38

information goes IN (sensory, afferent)

Question 39

ventral root

Answer 39

information goes OUT (motor, efferent)