Phys Di 2 Flashcards
Where do you listen for aortic valve sounds?
right 2nd intercostal space at sternal border
Where do you listen for pulmonic valve sounds?
left 2nd intercostal space at sternal border
Where do you listen for tricuspid valve sounds?
4th/5th left intercostal space
Where do you listen for mitral valve sounds?
left 5th ICS lateral = Apex
What do you listen for with the diaphragm?
- most sounds
- high pitched murmurs
- clicks
- snaps
What do you listen for with the bell?
- low pitched
- filling sounds
- such as gallops
- some murmurs
S1 sound cause
closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
When does S1 occur?
- start of systole
- ventricular contraction
Is splitting of S1 normal?
- no
- asynchrony of mitral and tricuspid closure
S2 sound cause
closure of the AP valves
What does S2 occur?
- start of diastole
- ventricular filling
Is splitting of S2 normal?
- it can be (physiological split)
- related to breathing
- RIGHT ventricular systole is lengthened with deep inspiration
- A closes before P
Wide physiological splitting of S2
- abnl
- occurs during inspiration and expiration but WIDER on inspiration
- delayed closure of pulmonic valve
- RBBB or pulm. HTN
fixed splitting of S2
- abnl
- unaffected by respiration
- delayed pulmonic valve closure w/ RV output > LV output
- large ASD; VSD; right heart failure
paradoxic splitting
- abnl
- audible splitting w/ expiration (disappears during inspiration)
- delayed aortic valve closure (P2 before A2)
- aortic stenosis; LBBB
S3 and S4 are best heard:
- what device
- what position
- pt position
- bell
- mitral position
- pt in left lateral decubitus position
When are S3 and S4 heard? What do they sound like?
- heard in diastole
- soft and low pitched
What is a loud and intense S3 referred to as?
- ventricular gallop
- “ken-TUCK-y”
normal causes of S3 gallop
can be normal in young people
abnormal causes of S3 gallop
- when increased vol. leads to exaggerated diastolic filling
- CHF
- regurg
- shunts
What is the most common cause of the S3 gallop?
CHF
specific timing of S3
- EARLY diastole
- related to volume overload
S4 timing
- LATE diastole (just before S1)
- pre-systolic sound
S4 is due to?
-d/t PRESSURE overload and stiff ventricles