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Phys A Flashcards

ENERGY, ENERGY SYSTEMS, OXYGEN DELIVERY, EFFECTS OF TRAINING

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1
Q

HOW IS ENERGY DEFINED?

A

THE CAPACITY AND ABILITY TO DO WORK

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE MOLECULE USED AS IMMEDIATE SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE BODY

A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

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3
Q

WHAT IS LEFT AFTER THE PROCESS OF ATP SPLITTING

A

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE + PI

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4
Q

HOW IS ATP PRODUCED AT REST

A

AEROBICALLY

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5
Q

HOW IS ATP PRODUCED WHEN EXERCISING

A

EITHER ANAEROBICALLY OR AEROBICALLY

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6
Q

WHAT FUEL SOURCES ARE USED WHEN ATP IS AT REST

A

TWO THIRDS OF FATS AND ONE THIRD OF THE BREAKDOWN GLYCOGEN INTO GLUCOSE

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7
Q

THREE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE HOW ATP IS PRODUCED WHEN EXERCISING

A

INTENSITY, DURATION AND FITNESS

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8
Q

WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES STORED AS

A

GLYCOGEN

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9
Q

WHERE IS GLYCOGEN STORED

A

MUSCLES AND LIVER

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10
Q

WHAT IS GLYCOGEN BROKEN INTO

A

GLUCOSE

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11
Q

WHERE IS GLUCOSE STORED

A

BLOOD

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12
Q

WHAT ARE FATS STORED AS

A

TRIGLYCCRIDES AND FREE FATTY ACIDS

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13
Q

WHERE ARE TRIGLYCCRIDES STORED

A

IN THE MUSCLES

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14
Q

WHERE ARE FREE FATTY ACIDS STORED

A

BLOOD

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15
Q

WHAT IS HITTING THE WALL

A

AFTER EXTENDED EXERCISE THE ATHLETE EXPERIENCES SUDDEN FATIGUE, DECREASE IN POWER OUTPUT AND THE INABILITY TO IMPORVE POWER OUTPUT

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16
Q

WHY DOES HITTING THE WALL HAPPEN

A

LIVER AND MUSCLE GLYCOGEN STORES BECOME EXHAUSTED AND AS A RESULT FATS BECOME THE MAIN PRIMARY FUEL SOURCE

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17
Q

TWO THINGS TO DO TO AVOID HITTING THE WALL

A

CARBOHYDRATE OVERLOAD, IMPROVE FITNESS OVER A COUPLE MONTHS TO IMPROVE GLYCOGEN SPARING

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18
Q

WHAT IS GLYCOGEN SPARING

A

THE PROCESS WHEN GLYCOGEN STORES ARE NOT USED EARLIER IN THE EXERCISE DUE TO THE INCREASED ABILITY TO USE TRIGLYCERIDES TO PRODUCE ENERGY

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19
Q

DOES ATP HAVE PRESENT STORES IN THE MUSCLES

A

YES

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20
Q

HOW MANY SECONDS OF STORED ATP DO WE HAVE

A

2 SECONDS WORTH

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21
Q

WHAT IS THE TOTAL SECONDS OF ATP PRODUCTION

A

10 SECONDS

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22
Q

HOW IS THE LACTIC ACID SYSTEM FUELED

A

THE IMCOMPLETE BREAKDOWN OF GLYCOGEN

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23
Q

HOW LONG DOES THE LACTIC ACID LAST WITH COMBINATION OF ATP

A

10 TO 30 SECONDS

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24
Q

HOW IS ENERGY CREATED IN THE AEROBIC SYSTEM

A

THE COMPLETE BREAKDOWN OF CARBOHYDRATES, FATS AND PROTEINS

25
Q

THE FUELS STORES HELPING ATP RESTORATION

A

FATS (66-75%) AND CARBOHYDRATES (25-33%)

26
Q

HOW MANY ATP TO YOU GET WHEN UTISLISING GYLCOGEN

A

38

27
Q

HOW MANY ATP TO YOU GET WHEN UTISLISING FATS

A

460

28
Q

WHAT THREE STAGES OCCUR IN THE OXIDATION OF ATP

A

ANAEROBIC GYLCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

29
Q

WHAT DOES THE HAEMOGLOBIN DO

A

BINDS OXYGEN TO IT TO BE ABLE TO TRANSPORT AROUND THE BODY FROM THE HEART TO WHEREVER IT NEEDS TO BE

30
Q

WHAT DOES THE MYOGLOBIN DO

A

THE MYOGLOBIN AID DELIVERY OF OXYGEN FROM THE CELL MEMBRANE TO THE MITOCHONDRIA

31
Q

WHAT IS THE ENERGY CONTINUUM

A

ALL ENERGY SYSTEM ARE BEING USED AT ONCE BUT WHILE ON EIS BEING USED AT HIGHER DEMAND

32
Q

WHAT COLOUR ARE FAST TWITCH FIBRES

A

WHITE

33
Q

WHAT COLOUR ARE SLOW TWITCH FIBRES

A

RED

34
Q

DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBRES

A

LENGTH, COLOUR, ENDURANCE, STRENGTH

35
Q

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PERCENTAGE OF WHITE MUSCLE FIBRES IN THE BODY

A

60%

36
Q

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PERCENTAGE OF RED MUSCLE FIBRES IN THE BODY

A

40%

37
Q

WHAT IS OXYGEN DEFICIT

A

THE SITUATION IN WHICH WE MOVE FROM REST TO EXERCISE AND DO NOT GIVE OUR RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM SUFFICICANT TIME TO BE ABLE TO SUPPLY THE ENERGY DEMANDS OF THE BODY

38
Q

FACTORS THAT PLATEAU TO INDICATE YOU HAVE REACHED A STEADY STATE

A

STROKE VOLUME, HEART RATE, RESPIRATION RATE AND TITLE VOLUME

39
Q

WHAT IS AN AEROBIC STEADY STATE

A

WHERE THE OXYGEN REQUIRED IN THE MUSCLES IS EQUAL TO THE OXGYEN SUPPLIED BY THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

40
Q

WHEN CAN STEADY STATE OCCUR

A

AT REST OR SUB MAXIMAL EXERCISE

41
Q

WHAT IS VO2 MAX

A

THE MAXIMUM AMOUT OF OXYGEN ABLE TO BE TAKEN IN, TRANSPORTED TO AND CONSUMED BY THE WORKING MUSCLES IN ONE MINUTE TO PRODUCE ENERGY

42
Q

HOW IS V02 MAX EXPRESSED IN ABSOLUTE TERMS

A

LITRS PER MINUTE

43
Q

HOW IS V02 MAX EXPRESSED IN RELATIVE TERMS

A

MILLILILITRES

44
Q

FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT AN INDIVIDUALS V02 MAX

A

BODY SIZE, GENDER, GENETICS, AGE, CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS

45
Q

WHEN DOES THE LIP OCCUR

A

80% of MHR

46
Q

THE LIP IS THE LAST POINT WHEN WHAT Two FACTORS ARE BALANCED

A

LACTATE ENTRY INTO BLOOD AND LACTATE REMOVAL FROM THE BLOOD

47
Q

BENEFITS OF HAVING INCREASED LIP

A

PERFROM AT A HIGH INTENSITY FOR A LONGER DURATION

48
Q

WHAT IS BUFFERING

A

THE PROCESS OF REMOVING BY PRODUCTS OF USING THE LACTIC ACID SYSTEM

49
Q

what are acute responses

A

changes which occur in the body between rest and exercise and only last for the duration of the exercise

50
Q

what are chronic adaptations

A

the changes that occur over a longer duration due to the repeated effects of the applied stimuli from the training methods utilised

51
Q

where can chronic adaptations be observed

A

at rest, during sub maximal exercise, during maximal exercise

52
Q

acute responses in the circulatory system

A

heart rate increases rapidly, increase in the speed of blood flow

53
Q

acute responses in the respiratory system

A

increasing respiratory rate, increasing Tital volume

54
Q

acute responses in the muscular system

A

depletion of muscle energy stores, increased blood flow to muscle

55
Q

acute responses on the body

A

body temp rises

56
Q

chronic adaptations at rest

A

increased stroke volume, decreased blood pressure

57
Q

chronic adaptations during sub maximal exercise

A

blood flow to working muscle decreases, increased lip

58
Q

chronic adaptations during maximal exercise

A

decrease in total body fat, maximal minute ventilation increases

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