Phylum Sarcomastigophora Flashcards by K L

Amoeba

Subphylum Sarcodina

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sbp. Sarcodina move by means of cytoplasmic protrusions called?

pseudopods

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sbp. Mastigophora move by means of?

Flagellates

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Flagellates

Subphylum Mastigophora

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Type of reproduction of sbp. sarcodina and sbp. mastigophora?

Asexual

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Equipped with the ability to extend their ___________ in the form of pseudopods or false feet

cytoplasm

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2 morphological forms

T and C

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MOT of sbp sarcodina

ingestion of infective CYST in cont. water or food

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Occurs in the ILEUM of the intestine

Excystation

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Encystation occurs in the ______ part of the large intestine

Distal

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General morphologic characteristics of typical amoeba

Relatively small, lack contractile vacuoles, multiply by binary fission and undergo encystation ( except: E. gingivalis)

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Sbp. sarcodina class labosea Intestinal Spp.

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba polecki
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschii

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Sbp. sarcodina class labosea Extraintestinal Spp.

Entamoeba gingivalis
Naeglaria fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp.

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Parasitic Group

Entamoeba
Endolimax
Iodamoeba

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Pathogenic free-living group

Naegleria
Acanthamoeba

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ALL are COMMENSALS except

Entamoeba histolytica

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ALL are found in the INTESTINAL LUMEN Except

Entamoeba gingivalis

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ALL have CYSTIC STAGE except

Entamoeba gingivalis

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Entamoeba histolytica is named in 1903 by

Shaudinn

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It has the ability to lyse human tissue

E. histolytica

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E. histolytica is the only amoeba that has the potential to _______________

Invade tissues

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Other names of E. histolytica

Endamoeba histolytica
Ameoba dysenteriae
Entamoeba dysenteriae/ Endamoeba dysenteriae
Entamoeba tetragena

E. histolytica main habitat

L3B
Large intestine
Liver
Lungs
Brain

In 1875, Losch discovered ________________

E. histolytica

In 1890, William Osler reported the case of a young man from St. Petersburg, Russia, with dysentery, who later died of ______________

Liver abscess

Who established the pathogenesis of intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis?

Councilman and Lafleur 1891

Councilman and Lafleur introduced the terms

Amoebic dysentery and Amoebic liver abscess

Distribution of E. histolytica

Worldwide in prevalence, found wherever sanitation is poor

E. histolytica is reported about __% of the worlds population and __% of the inhabitants of developing countries may be infected with the parasite

10% ;50%

Top 3 leading parasitic cause of mortality

1. Malaria 2. Schistosomiasis 3. E. histolytica

Mode of Transmission of E. histolytica

1. Fecal-Oral Route 2. Polluted Soil and Water 3. Vectors 4. Poor Personal Hygiene 5. Unprotected Sex

Infected handlers are also known as

Contact carriers

Cysts of E. histolytica is viable in water for

9-30 days

T or F: Cysts of E. histolytica is killed by chlorination (public water supply)

False

E. histolytica is killed by

Hyperchlorination Addition of iodine Boiling (thermal death point at 50-55 C)

In most soil conditions, they can survive for up to for:

8 days - 28-34 C 40 days - 2-6 C 60 days - 0 C

Vectors of E. histolytica

Cysts (excreta)- 48 hours after the insect has fed on contaminated feces Flies and cockroaches

Hand-to-mouth contamination especially occurs among

Children and institutionalized individuals

Oral-anal contact is primarily common in

Homosexual males

Henry Kazal and colleagues, 1978 discovered

Gay Bowel Syndrome (GBS)

GBS is a sexually transmitted rectal and perianal disease usually seen in

men having sex with other men

Life cycle of E. histolytica

Troph in colon> Precyst>Cysts 1-4 nuclei>Passed in feces>Cysts in cont. food or water>Cysts ingested>Metacyst in small intestine>Metacystic troph>T in colon...

E. _________ is morphologically indistinguishable from E. histolytica

E. dispar ( should be reported as E. histolytica.E. dispar)

What differentiates E. dispar from E. histolytica?

DNA ribosomal RNA and Isoenzyme pattern

Unlike E. histolytica, E. dispar is _________

nonpathogenic

Ratio of E. dispar and E. histolytica

10:1

It is used to clinically denote all conditions produced in human host by infection with E. histolytica at different areas of invasion

Amoebiasis

Incubation period is _______________________

Highly variable, Ave:4 days to 4 months or 1 month to 4 months

Amoebiasis causes

Intestinal amoebiasis and Extraintestinal amoebiasis (secondary infection)

Range of symptoms of amoebiasis varies and depends on 2 major factors:

Location of parasite in host Extent of tissue invation

Intestinal Amoebiasis asymptomatic and symptomatic percentage

Asymptomatic 90% Symptomatic 10%

Characteristics of Asymptomatic

The parasite has a low virulence strain Inoculation into the host is low Px immune system is intact No tissue invasion Px can still pass the cyst in feces Still can cause infection

Characteristics of Symptomatic

Amoebic colitis (intestinal infection) Amoebic dysentery (blood and mucous in stool)