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MIDTERMS > Phylum Sarcomastigophora > Flashcards

Phylum Sarcomastigophora Flashcards

1
Q

Amoeba

A

Subphylum Sarcodina

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2
Q

sbp. Sarcodina move by means of cytoplasmic protrusions called?

A

pseudopods

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3
Q

sbp. Mastigophora move by means of?

A

Flagellates

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4
Q

Flagellates

A

Subphylum Mastigophora

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5
Q

Type of reproduction of sbp. sarcodina and sbp. mastigophora?

A

Asexual

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6
Q

Equipped with the ability to extend their ___________ in the form of pseudopods or false feet

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

2 morphological forms

A

T and C

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8
Q

MOT of sbp sarcodina

A

ingestion of infective CYST in cont. water or food

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9
Q

Occurs in the ILEUM of the intestine

A

Excystation

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10
Q

Encystation occurs in the ______ part of the large intestine

A

Distal

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11
Q

General morphologic characteristics of typical amoeba

A

Relatively small, lack contractile vacuoles, multiply by binary fission and undergo encystation ( except: E. gingivalis)

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12
Q

Sbp. sarcodina class labosea Intestinal Spp.

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba polecki
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschii

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13
Q

Sbp. sarcodina class labosea Extraintestinal Spp.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis
Naeglaria fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp.

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14
Q

Parasitic Group

A

Entamoeba
Endolimax
Iodamoeba

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15
Q

Pathogenic free-living group

A

Naegleria
Acanthamoeba

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16
Q

ALL are COMMENSALS except

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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17
Q

ALL are found in the INTESTINAL LUMEN Except

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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18
Q

ALL have CYSTIC STAGE except

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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19
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is named in 1903 by

A

Shaudinn

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20
Q

It has the ability to lyse human tissue

A

E. histolytica

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21
Q

E. histolytica is the only amoeba that has the potential to _______________

A

Invade tissues

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22
Q

Other names of E. histolytica

A

Endamoeba histolytica
Ameoba dysenteriae
Entamoeba dysenteriae/ Endamoeba dysenteriae
Entamoeba tetragena

23
Q

E. histolytica main habitat

A

L3B
Large intestine
Liver
Lungs
Brain

24
Q

In 1875, Losch discovered ________________

A

E. histolytica

25
Q

In 1890, William Osler reported the case of a young man from St. Petersburg, Russia, with dysentery, who later died of ______________

A

Liver abscess

26
Q

Who established the pathogenesis of intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis?

A

Councilman and Lafleur 1891

27
Q

Councilman and Lafleur introduced the terms

A

Amoebic dysentery and Amoebic liver abscess

28
Q

Distribution of E. histolytica

A

Worldwide in prevalence, found wherever sanitation is poor

29
Q

E. histolytica is reported about __% of the worlds population and __% of the inhabitants of developing countries may be infected with the parasite

A

10% ;50%

30
Q

Top 3 leading parasitic cause of mortality

A
  1. Malaria
  2. Schistosomiasis
  3. E. histolytica
31
Q

Mode of Transmission of E. histolytica

A
  1. Fecal-Oral Route
  2. Polluted Soil and Water
  3. Vectors
  4. Poor Personal Hygiene
  5. Unprotected Sex
32
Q

Infected handlers are also known as

A

Contact carriers

33
Q

Cysts of E. histolytica is viable in water for

A

9-30 days

34
Q

T or F: Cysts of E. histolytica is killed by chlorination (public water supply)

A

False

35
Q

E. histolytica is killed by

A

Hyperchlorination
Addition of iodine
Boiling (thermal death point at 50-55 C)

36
Q

In most soil conditions, they can survive for up to for:

A

8 days - 28-34 C
40 days - 2-6 C
60 days - 0 C

37
Q

Vectors of E. histolytica

A

Cysts (excreta)- 48 hours after the insect has fed on contaminated feces
Flies and cockroaches

38
Q

Hand-to-mouth contamination especially occurs among

A

Children and institutionalized individuals

39
Q

Oral-anal contact is primarily common in

A

Homosexual males

40
Q

Henry Kazal and colleagues, 1978 discovered

A

Gay Bowel Syndrome (GBS)

41
Q

GBS is a sexually transmitted rectal and perianal disease usually seen in

A

men having sex with other men

42
Q

Life cycle of E. histolytica

A

Troph in colon> Precyst>Cysts 1-4 nuclei>Passed in feces>Cysts in cont. food or water>Cysts ingested>Metacyst in small intestine>Metacystic troph>T in colon…

43
Q

E. _________ is morphologically indistinguishable from E. histolytica

A

E. dispar ( should be reported as E. histolytica.E. dispar)

44
Q

What differentiates E. dispar from E. histolytica?

A

DNA
ribosomal RNA
and Isoenzyme pattern

45
Q

Unlike E. histolytica, E. dispar is _________

A

nonpathogenic

46
Q

Ratio of E. dispar and E. histolytica

A

10:1

47
Q

It is used to clinically denote all conditions produced in human host by infection with E. histolytica at different areas of invasion

A

Amoebiasis

48
Q

Incubation period is _______________________

A

Highly variable, Ave:4 days to 4 months or 1 month to 4 months

49
Q

Amoebiasis causes

A

Intestinal amoebiasis and Extraintestinal amoebiasis (secondary infection)

50
Q

Range of symptoms of amoebiasis varies and depends on 2 major factors:

A

Location of parasite in host
Extent of tissue invation

51
Q

Intestinal Amoebiasis asymptomatic and symptomatic percentage

A

Asymptomatic 90%
Symptomatic 10%

52
Q

Characteristics of Asymptomatic

A

The parasite has a low virulence strain
Inoculation into the host is low
Px immune system is intact
No tissue invasion
Px can still pass the cyst in feces
Still can cause infection

53
Q

Characteristics of Symptomatic

A

Amoebic colitis (intestinal infection)
Amoebic dysentery (blood and mucous in stool)

MIDTERMS (2 decks)

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