Phylum Porifera

Question 1

Rigid and possess no skeleton. Pechenik (2015) describes it as: a rigid perforated bag.

Answer 1

Sponge

Question 2

A relatively large cavity inside a sponge.

Answer 2

Spongocoel

Question 3

The spongocoel is lined with….

Hint:
Also called as collar cells

Answer 3

Choanocytes

Question 4

What are the three functions of choanocytes?

Answer 4

Generate current to maintain circulation, captures food particles, captures incoming sperm for fertilization

Question 5

Choanocytes form a layer called..

Answer 5

Choanosome

Question 6

After the choanocyte layer, is a gelatinous layer called the…

Answer 6

Mesohyl

Question 7

The mesohyl possess amorphous ameboid cells called…

Answer 7

Archeocytes

Question 8

Choanocytes are responsible for digesting and storing food particles and eliminating of waste materials. True or False?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

The mesohyl possesses support structures that are called…

Answer 9

Spicules

Question 10

Spicules may be calcareous or siliceous and may be composed of collagenous protein called the…

Answer 10

Spongin

Question 11

Cells responsible for secreting spicules

Answer 11

Sclerocytes

Question 12

Cells responsible for the production of spongin fiber

Answer 12

Spongocytes

Question 13

Spicules and spongin fibers are necessary to____________________, and the presence of spicules can deter______________.

Answer 13

maintain shape and structure, predators

Question 14

Freshwater sponges produce dormant structure called the…

Answer 14

Gemmules

Question 15

These structures allow sponges to survive unfavorable environmental conditions and are in a state of dormancy.

Answer 15

Gemmules

Question 16

The outermost layer of the sponge is called the…

Answer 16

Pinacoderm

Question 17

The pinacoderm is composed of contractile cells called the…

Answer 17

Pinacocytes

Question 18

True or False

Sponges lack muscles, nerve, and any recognizable organs, they are entirely dependent on water flow, gas exchange, waste removal and reproduction.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Water flows into the spongocoel via narrow entrance called_______and exits via the_____.

Answer 19

Ostia, oscula

Question 20

What are the three different canal systems of poriferans?

Answer 20

Asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

Question 21

Outer layer of sponge

Answer 21

Pinacoderm

Question 22

The pinacoderm is composed of:

Answer 22

Pinacocytes, porocytes

Question 23

Flat cells that line the pinacoderm

Answer 23

Pinacocytes

Question 24

Tube-like cells that penetrate the body wall of a cell

Answer 24

Porocytes

Question 25

Inner layer of sponge lined with flagellated collar cells called choanocytes. These cells are a characteristic of Porifera.

Answer 25

Choanoderm

Question 26

Middle layer of sponge with cells and spicules in a gelatinous matrix called mesoglea.

Answer 26

Mesohyl

Question 27

Star-shaped cell that secretes collagen-like protein (collagenous fibrils) that supports the mesohyl.

Answer 27

Collencyte

Question 28

Four classes of Porifera

Answer 28

Class calcarea, class demospongiae, class hexactinidella, class homoscleromorpha

Question 29

These are generally called calcareous sponges that possess spicules that are composed of calcium carbonate that are of the same general size.

Answer 29

Class calcarea

Question 30

In Class Calcarea, the spicules are of three types:

Answer 30

Monoaxons, triradiates, and quadrirdiates

Question 31

Largest sponge class

Answer 31

Class demospongiae

Question 32

Nearly all demospongiae are_______.

Answer 32

Leuconoid

Question 33

They are commonly known as glass sponges and are characterized by the presence of hexaxon (six-pointed) spicules.

Answer 33

Class hexactinidella

Question 34

In this class, spongin fibers are generally absent.

Answer 34

Class hexactinidella

Question 35

Example of a sponge from Class Hexactinidella.

Hint:
The Venus flower basket

Answer 35

Euplectella

Question 36

Most sponges belonging to this class lack spicules.

Answer 36

Class homoscleromorpha

Question 37

Members of this class are unique among sponges in that they have a clear, distinct basal membrane underlying the epithelium, as well as in the fact that all their epithelial cells bear cilia.

Answer 37

Class homoscleromorpha