Phylum Marchantiophyta

Question 1

Order Jungermanniales

Answer 1

Leafy liverworts

Question 2

How do liverworts reproduce?

Answer 2

Sexually: archegonia produces eggs and antheridium produces sperm
Asexually: Gemma cups get splashed by water and disperse Gemmae which turns into liverwort gametophytes

Question 3

Where are Gemma cups found?

Answer 3

On the gametophytes of liverworts

Question 4

List the steps of reproduction of liverworts

Answer 4

1. The antheridium produces sperm
2. The sperm travels to the archegonia
3. The sperm fertilizes the eggs to produce zygotes
4. The embryo grows a stalk with a capsule inside the archegonium
5. Inside the capsule meiosis produces spores which detach from elaters

Question 5

What is the purpose of elaters?

Answer 5

Dispersal of spores

Question 6

What happens when the capsule of a liverwort dries out?

Answer 6

Elaters uncoil and help open the capsule and release spores

Question 7

What is the thallus in liverworts?

Answer 7

-Leaf-like structure that contains Gemma cups for asexual reproduction
-Absorbs nutrients and water from the environment
-The main photosynthetic structure in liverworts since it contains chloroplasts