Phylum Bryozoa

Question 1

what environment do bryozoans live in?

Answer 1

sub/intertidal

Question 2

lifestyle of bryozoans

Answer 2

colonial, sessile, suspension feeders

Question 3

name for the funnel of ciliated tentacles

Answer 3

lophophore

Question 4

shape of bryozoan digestive tract

Answer 4

U-shaped

Question 5

two coelomic compartments of bryozoans

Answer 5

1. lophophoral coelom (for lophophores)

2. perivisceral coelom (surrounds internal compartments)

Question 6

bryozoans lack specialized organs for: (3)

Answer 6

1. gas exchange
2. excretion/osmoregulation
3. fluid circulation

Question 7

lophophore with tentacles extends from the ____which is turned inside out by ____ for protection as a result of mechanical disturbances

Answer 7

introvert ; retractor muscles

Question 8

the lophophoral coelom is derived from:

Answer 8

mesothelium

Question 9

3 types of bryozoan colony forms

Answer 9

1. stoloniferous
2. encrusting - oldest zooids in the middle and younger ones radiate out
3. erect - branched tronds with flat blades

Question 10

characteristics of monobryozoan

Answer 10

solitary, motile bryozoan that lives between sand grains

Question 11

autozooids are specialized for:

Answer 11

feeding and reproduction

Question 12

heterozooids are specialized for:

Answer 12

defense

Question 13

heterozooids consist of (2):

Answer 13

avicularium and vibraculum

Question 14

avicularium

Answer 14

used to crush other organisms to keep the surface of the organism clean - “snapping beaks”

Question 15

vibraculum

Answer 15

can be used as parapodia to “walk” - can move like a whip

Question 16

asexual reproduction occurs in ____ bryozoans by ____

Answer 16

encrusting; budding

Question 17

sexual reproduction in bryozoans occurs by ____

Answer 17

broadcast spawning through pores at the tips of the tentacles.

Question 18

bryozoans are simultaneous hermaphrodites, gametes arise from the ____

Answer 18

mesothelium

Question 19

defensive strategies of bryozoans(5):

Answer 19

1. heterozooids
2. colonialism
3. chemical defense
4. induced defenses (spines develop in response to predation by nudibranch)
5. calcification of frontal membrane