Phylum Bryozoa

Question 1

Lifestyle

Answer 1

Colonial and sessile
Suspension feeders
Lophophore – funnel of ciliated tentacles

Question 2

Other Characteristic (5)

Answer 2

Exoskeleton (zooecium and often calcified)
U-shaped digestive tract
2 coelomic compartments (lophophore and perivisceral coelom)
The small size of individuals
No specialized organs for gas exchange, excretion/osmoregulation, internal fluid circulation

Question 3

Basic Body Plan (6)

Answer 3

Bell-shaped body with lophophoral tentacles 
Exoskeleton
U-shaped gut with mouth/anus
Lophophoral sheath
Operculum
Retractor muscles

Question 4

Diversity of colony forms

Answer 4

Stoloniferous: Zooids bud off of running stolon
Encrusting: The zooids grow on a substrate in a radial pattern
Erect: branched fronds or flat blades

Question 5

Colony Polymorphism

Answer 5

Heterozooid: These are zooids specialized for colony defence
Autozooid: These are zooids that are specialized for feeding

Question 6

Reproduction

Answer 6

Hermaphroditic, broadcast spawn, internal fertilization, within perivisceral coelom, sperm from mesothelium and ciliated larva.
Asexual colony budding

Question 7

Life History Stages (5)

Answer 7

Oldest zooid in the center with the regeneration of individuals directly adjacent
Regression (brown bodies) adjacent to regeneration with the sexually mature individuals adjacent to them
Followed by maturing individuals and budding zone at the periphery

Question 8

Defensive Strategies

Answer 8

Heterozooids, colonialism, chemical defence, induced defence (acquired trait), calcification of frontal membrane