Phylum Breakdown Flashcards
Porifera (sponges)
Diplo/triplo: no
Symmetry: no
Proto/deutero: no
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: no
Coelom: no
Synapomorphy: pluripotent cells
Gut type: no
Repro type: broadcast spawning/budding
Fert type: external
Larva?: no
Circ. Sys.: no
Waste removal: ?
Ctenophores (comb jellies)
Diplo/triplo: diploblastic
Symmetry: radial
Proto/deutero: no
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: no
Coelom: no
Synapomorphy: ctenes
Gut type: gastrovascular cavity
Repro type: simultaneous hermaphrodites
Fert type: external
Larva?: cydipid
Circ. Sys.: no
Waste removal: anal pore
Cnidaria (jellyfish and anemones)
Diplo/triplo: diplo
Symmetry: radial
Proto/deutero: no
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: no
Coelom: no
Synapomorphy: cnidae
Gut type: gastrovascular cavity
Repro type: broadcast spawning
Fert type: external
Larva?: planular
Circ. Sys.: no
Waste removal: ?
⭐️Echinodermata (stars, urchins, and cucumbers)
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: radial
Proto/deutero: deuterostome
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: no
Coelom: coelomate
Synapomorphy: pentaradial symmetry
Gut type: complete
Repro type: gonochoristic w/ direct & indirect dev
Fert type: external
Larva?: sea stars have brachiolaria and bipinnaria
Circ. Sys.: water
Waste removal: podia (tube feet) exchange gas and waste
⭐️Urochordata (tunicates, squirts, and salps)
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilateral
Proto/deutero: deuterostomes
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: no
Coelom: pseudocoelomate
Synapomorphy: coelomate features lost in adults
Gut type: complete U-shaped gut
Repro type: hermaphroditic w/ indirect dev
Fert type: both
Larva?: tadpole
Circ. Sys.: heart and blood vessels
Waste removal: diffuses across body wall
⭐️Nematoda
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilateral
Proto/deutero: protostome
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: ecdysozoan
Coelom: pseudo
Synapomorphy: non-radial or spiral cleavage
Gut type: complete
Repro type: gonochoristic direct dev
Fert type: internal
Larva?: ?
Circ. Sys.: pseudocoelom for gas and nutrients
Waste removal: nitrogenous waste through intestines
⭐️Arthropoda (bugs, crustaceans, and arachnids)
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilateral
Proto/deutero: proto
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: ecydsozoan
Coelom: coelomate
Synapomorphy: external segmentation
Gut type: complete (fore, mid, and hind gut)
Repro type: gonochoristic with mixed development (butterflies metamorphose but crabs continually molt)
Fert type: internal
Larva?: naupilus (barnacles), megalops and zoea (crabs)
Circ. Sys.: open hemocoel (rénette cells respirate)
Waste removal: green glands (closed osmoregulatory glands)
⭐️Annelida subphyla
Clitellata (earthworms)
Sabellida (tube worms)
Phylodocida (scale and sand worms)
Terebelliformia (spaghetti worms)
Spinicula (peanut worms)
Siboglinidae (vent worms)
Echiuridae (spoon and anchor worms)
⭐️Annelida
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilat
Proto/deutero: proto
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: spiralia
Coelom: coelomate
Synapomorphy: internal AND external segmentation
Gut type: complete
Repro type: hermaphroditic and direct dev
Fert type: external (marine worms) internal (earth worms)
Larva?: ?
Circ. Sys.: various?
Waste removal: metanephridia
⭐️What makes bryozoans, brachiopodes, and phoronids “lophophorates”?
They all possess lophophores in their mantles for suspension feeding
⭐️Phoronida
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilat
Proto/deutero: proto
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: spiralia
Coelom: coelomate
Synapomorphy: tube-dwelling
Gut type: complete
Repro type: both
Fert type: external
Larva?: actinotroph
Circ. Sys.: open
Waste removal: metanephridia
⭐️Bryozoa
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilat
Proto/deutero: proto
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: spiralia
Coelom: coelomate
Synapomorphy: line cystic “apartment” complex
Gut type: complete U-shaped
Repro type: hermaphroditic
Fert type: internal
Larva?: free swimming planktonic
Circ. Sys.: diffusion across body wall
Waste removal: ?
⭐️Brachiopoda
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: radial
Proto/deutero: proto
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: spiralia
Coelom: coelomate
Synapomorphy: asymmetrical shells
Gut type: U-shaped
Repro type: gonochoristic with NO asexual reproduction
Fert type: external
Larva?: free swimming planktonic
Circ. Sys.: open circ for gas exchange at tentacles with heart in the mantle
Waste removal: metanephridia
⭐️Platyhelminthes
Diplo/triplo: triplo
Symmetry: bilat
Proto/deutero: proto
Ecdysozoa/spiralia: spiralia
Coelom: acoelomate
Synapomorphy: dorsoventral flattening
Gut type: simple to complex gut (free living) gut w/ cecae or no gut (parasitic)
Repro type: hermaphroditic with indirect dev
Fert type: internal
Larva?: cecaria, metacecaria, mueller’s larva
Circ. Sys.: no circ sys, diffusion across body wall
Waste removal: protonephridia
