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Biology 11 > Phylum Arthropoda > Flashcards

Phylum Arthropoda Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum Arthropoda Features

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Coelomates- Complex internal organs
  • Tube-within-a-tube body plan
  • Segmented
  • Most varied and numerous of animals
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2
Q

Five classes

A

Crustaceans, insects, arachnids, millipedes, centipedes

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3
Q

Why are they successful?

A
  • Flexible exoskeleton for support
  • Molt
  • Jointed appendages
  • segmented: 3 body regions with specialized appendages in each region
  • Well developed nervous system (brain, nerve cord, eyes, antenna)
  • High reproductive rate
  • Live in water, land (terrestrial), air
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4
Q

Antennae

A

Long sensory structures that contain receptors for smell and touch

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5
Q

Thorax

A

The middle body region with three fused main segments where legs and wings are attached

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6
Q

Abdomen

A

The posterior end of the arthropod, has additional legs and digestive structures and the reproductive rogans

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7
Q

Cephalothorax

A

thorax region fused with the head

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8
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Like a lightweight suit of armour
Provides support, protects body tissues, and slows water loss in animals that live on land
muscle attachment
Made of chitin

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9
Q

Jointed appendages

A

Structures such as legs and antennae that grow and extend from an animal’s body
Adapted for a variety of functions
Have joints
Allow for flexible movements

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10
Q

Molting

A

Shed their outer coverings in order to grow
Glands in the skin make a fluid that softens the old exoskeleton while the new exoskeleton forms underneath
As fluid increases in volume, the pressure increases and eventually cracks the old exoskeleton

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11
Q

Mandibles

A

A pair of appendages that can be adapted for biting and chewing, open side to side

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12
Q

What kind of feeders are arthropods

A

Herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, omnivores, or parasites

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13
Q

Digestion

A

Have a one way complete digestive system with a mouth, gut, and an anus, along with various glands that produce digestive enzymes

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14
Q

Crustaceans

A
  • Oriented flat top and bottom or sides
  • Cephalothorax which is covered on the top and sides by a carapace
  • Internal transport- Open circulatory system: heart pumps blood into a hemocoel consisting of sinuses where the hemolymph flows about the organs into the tissues and around the cells
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15
Q

Hemocoels consisting of sinuses

A

Channels without definite walls

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16
Q

Hemolymph

A

Contains hemocyanin like RBC except uses copper so will turn blue in presence of oxygen

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17
Q

Locomotion of Crustaceans

A

End of abdomen has uropod and telson used to help crayfish move backwards

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18
Q

Respiration of Crustaceans

A

Takes place by gills under the hard carapace

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19
Q

Excretion of Crustaceans

A

Green glands- excrete metabolic wastes through duct; food waste passes out through anus

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20
Q

Reproduction of Crustaceans

A

The abdominal segments have swimmerets which are used to hold the eggs in the female
- Separate sexes; male swimmerets point upward

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21
Q

Swimmerets

A

used to hold the eggs in the female
Transfer sperm to female

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22
Q

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fsubjects%2Finvertebrates%2Fcrustacean%2Flabel%2Fcrayfish%2Flabel.GIF&tbnid=9XEOZC8Jpt1zwM&vet=12ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygAegUIARCfAQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fsubjects%2Finvertebrates%2Fcrustacean%2Flabel%2Fcrayfish%2F&docid=j6VBDLbhEnJrOM&w=565&h=307&q=labelling%20practice%20crayfish&hl=en&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygAegUIARCfAQ

A

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fcgifs%2FCrayfish_bw.GIF&tbnid=IBeVRyo_O5Kl_M&vet=12ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygBegUIARChAQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fsubjects%2Finvertebrates%2Fcrustacean%2FCrayfishprintout.shtml&docid=PaMrgJEFClKMdM&w=488&h=263&q=labelling%20practice%20crayfish&hl=en&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygBegUIARChAQ

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23
Q

Insects

A
  • Many exhibit social behaviour, such as bees or ants
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24
Q

Response of Insects

A

In addition to brain and nerve cord, head usually bears a pair of antennae, compound eyes, simple eyes, and income tympanum for the reception of sound waves

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25
Q

Locomotion of insects

A

Thorax bears three pairs of legs and up to 2 pairs of wings

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26
Q

Excretion of Insects

A

Malpighian tubules collect nitrogen waste, which is added to digestive tract; waste then passes out through anus

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27
Q

Compound eye of insects

A

Little spikes protect their eyes
Each line equals optic nerve
Many hexagonal-shaped facets

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28
Q

Insect diversity

A

Walking stick, bee, dragonfly, housefly, butterfly

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29
Q

Internal transport of insects

A

Open circulatory system, heart pumps hemolymph into aorta that leads to a meocoex (contains system), where it circulates before returning to the heart

30
Q

Feeding of insects

A

Mouthparts specialized for diet for example, chewing vegetation, siphoning nectar

31
Q

Digestion of Insects

A

Mouthparts chew food, crop stores, digestion occurs in stomach and intestine

32
Q

Respiration of insects (terrestrial life)

A

Tracheae (small tubules) open to outside by hole called spiracles (on abdomen)

33
Q

Reproduction of insects

A

Mate by having sex
Female grasshopper has ovipositor at posterior end to dig hole and lay eggs
Grasshoppers undergo gradual metamorphosis from nymph to adult (referred to as incomplete metamorphosis)
butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis, changing from larva to pupa to adult

34
Q

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fkowalskigrasshopper.weebly.com%2Fuploads%2F2%2F7%2F9%2F9%2F27994495%2Flabel.gif&tbnid=b2xEADGDu7qgVM&vet=12ahUKEwjQmMXJpP7-AhUGIzQIHT0gBxMQMygEegQIARBL..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fkowalskigrasshopper.weebly.com%2Fbody-parts-activity1.html&docid=gBRocItAm3z5WM&w=537&h=295&q=labelling%20practice%20grasshopper&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwjQmMXJpP7-AhUGIzQIHT0gBxMQMygEegQIARBL

A

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F5142123%2Flabel-the-grasshopper-anatomy-diagram-wyoming-agriculture-in-&psig=AOvVaw1z6yAvnL1_piQFcNOmKivP&ust=1684479312178000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCOCAkMqk_v4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

35
Q

Internal grasshopper diagram

A

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamilton-local.k12.oh.us%2FDownloads%2F5-10_Grasshopper%2520Dissection.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2xBwwg5ji3x8B1ruce-tNP&ust=1684479370083000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCNCT7-Wk_v4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAw

36
Q

Arachnids

A

Include terrestrial spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
Ticks and mites are parasitic
2 body segments- cephalothorax and abdomen

37
Q

Cephalothorax of arachnids

A

Bears six pairs of appendages: The chelicerae and the pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs

38
Q

Chelicerae

A

Contain fangs to deliver poison

39
Q

Pedipalps

A

Sense of hold the prey

40
Q

Excretion of arachnids

A

Have malphigian tubules- they secrete uric acid, helping to conserve water

41
Q

Respiration of arachnids

A

Using a “book lung”- inner body wall folds inward to look like pages of book

42
Q

significance of spiders webs

A

The type of web is a feature that demonstrates the evolutionary relationship among spiders

43
Q

Response of arachnids

A

8 Simple eyes and no antennae

44
Q

Arachnid diversity

A

Centipedes, millipedes, scorpion

45
Q

Centipedes

A

Arachnid
head and numerous body segments
1 pair of legs per segment (about 30 legs)
Breathe with trachea
Carnivores; nocturnal; move quickly
Poison claws to paralyze prey

46
Q

Millipedes

A

Arachnid
Head and numerous body segments
2 pairs of legs per segment (about 70 legs)
Breathe with trachea
Herbivores, move slowly, harmless to humans

47
Q

Difference of millipedes and centipedes

A

Millipedes have 2 pairs of legs per segment while centipedes have 1 pair of legs per segment

48
Q

Chelicerae

A

Arachnid’s most anterior pair of appendages modified into mouthparts
Adapted to function as fangs or pincers and often are connected to a poison gland

49
Q

Pedipalps

A

Second pair of appendages in arachnids
Used for sensing and holding prey
Reproduction in male spiders and large pincers in scorpions

50
Q

Spiders

A

All are carnivores
arachnids

51
Q

Spinnerets

A

Located at the end of a spider’s abdomen

52
Q

Ticks, mites, scorpions

A

Arachnids
Cephalothorax and abdomen fused into one section
Can be predators or parasites

53
Q

Scorpions

A

feed on insects, spiders, and small vertebrates that they capture with their pedipalps and tear apart with their chelicerae
Generally nocturnal, hiding under logs or in burrows during the day
Stinger at the end of abdomen
Venom in stinger

54
Q

Horseshoe crab

A

Arachnids
Posterior appendages modified with leaf like plates at their tips that can be used for digging or swimming
Come to shore to reproduce at high tide

55
Q

Characteristics of arthropods

A

segmentation, jointed appendages, exoskeleton

56
Q

crustacean characteristics

A

Two pairs of antennae
two compound eyes
mandibles
5 pairs of legs (chelipeds and walking legs) swimmerets

57
Q

Spiders + relatives characteristics

A

no antennae
2 body sections
6 pairs of jointed appendages
(chelicerae, pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs)

58
Q

Insects + relatives characteristics

A

Antennae
compound eyes
simple eyes
3 body sections
3 pairs of legs
generally two pairs of wings on thorax

59
Q

Siphoning mouthpart function and examples

A

Feeding tube is uncoiled and extended to suck liquids
ex. butterflies, moths

60
Q

Sponging mouthpart function and examples

A

Fleshy end of mouthpart acts like sponge to mop up food
ex. houseflies, fruit flies

61
Q

Piercing/Sucking mouthpart function and examples

A

Thin, needlelike tube pierces skin or plant wall to suck liquids into mouth
ex. mosquitoes, leafhoppers, stink bugs, fleas

62
Q

Chewing mouthpart function and examples

A

Mandible pierces or cuts animal or plant tissue and other mouthparts bring food to the mouth
ex. grasshoppers, beetles, ants, bees, earwigs

63
Q

Complete metamorphosis

A

Four stages- egg, larva, pupa, adult
Larva has chewing mouthparts and moles several times
Pupa is non feeding and the animal changes from larval form into adult form

64
Q

Incomplete Metamorphosis

A

Hatch from eggs as nymphs (look like small adults)
After several bolts, nymphs become adults

65
Q

Tympanum

A

A flat membrane used for hearing
Vibrates in response to sound waves
Can be found on the forelegs (crickets), abdomen (grasshoppers), or thorax (moths)

66
Q

Respiration of arthropods

A

Oxygen from one of three structures: gills, tracheal tubes, or book lungs

67
Q

Book lungs

A

Saclike pockets with highly folded walls for respiration
Folded walls increase the surface area of lungs and let exchange of gases be efficient

68
Q

Spiracles

A

Openings on the outside of the body where Tracheae and book lungs open to

69
Q

Tracheal tubes

A

A system of branching tubes
Branch into smaller and smaller tubes and these tubules carry oxygen throughout the body

70
Q

Circulation of arthropods

A

Blood is pumped by heart into vessels that carry blood to body tissues
Tissues flooded with blood then returns to the heart through open body spaces

71
Q

Malphigian tubules

A

In the abdomen
Used for excretion and help preserve water in terrestrial arthropods
Attached to and empty into gut, which contains the undigested food wastes to be eliminated from the body
Crustaceans do not have

Biology 11 (2 decks)

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