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Biology 11 > Phylum Arthropoda > Flashcards

Phylum Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Arthropoda Features

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Coelomates- Complex internal organs
  • Tube-within-a-tube body plan
  • Segmented
  • Most varied and numerous of animals
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2
Q

Five classes

A

Crustaceans, insects, arachnids, millipedes, centipedes

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3
Q

Why are they successful?

A
  • Flexible exoskeleton for support
  • Molt
  • Jointed appendages
  • segmented: 3 body regions with specialized appendages in each region
  • Well developed nervous system (brain, nerve cord, eyes, antenna)
  • High reproductive rate
  • Live in water, land (terrestrial), air
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4
Q

Antennae

A

Long sensory structures that contain receptors for smell and touch

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5
Q

Thorax

A

The middle body region with three fused main segments where legs and wings are attached

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6
Q

Abdomen

A

The posterior end of the arthropod, has additional legs and digestive structures and the reproductive rogans

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7
Q

Cephalothorax

A

thorax region fused with the head

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8
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Like a lightweight suit of armour
Provides support, protects body tissues, and slows water loss in animals that live on land
muscle attachment
Made of chitin

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9
Q

Jointed appendages

A

Structures such as legs and antennae that grow and extend from an animal’s body
Adapted for a variety of functions
Have joints
Allow for flexible movements

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10
Q

Molting

A

Shed their outer coverings in order to grow
Glands in the skin make a fluid that softens the old exoskeleton while the new exoskeleton forms underneath
As fluid increases in volume, the pressure increases and eventually cracks the old exoskeleton

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11
Q

Mandibles

A

A pair of appendages that can be adapted for biting and chewing, open side to side

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12
Q

What kind of feeders are arthropods

A

Herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, omnivores, or parasites

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13
Q

Digestion

A

Have a one way complete digestive system with a mouth, gut, and an anus, along with various glands that produce digestive enzymes

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14
Q

Crustaceans

A
  • Oriented flat top and bottom or sides
  • Cephalothorax which is covered on the top and sides by a carapace
  • Internal transport- Open circulatory system: heart pumps blood into a hemocoel consisting of sinuses where the hemolymph flows about the organs into the tissues and around the cells
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15
Q

Hemocoels consisting of sinuses

A

Channels without definite walls

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16
Q

Hemolymph

A

Contains hemocyanin like RBC except uses copper so will turn blue in presence of oxygen

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17
Q

Locomotion of Crustaceans

A

End of abdomen has uropod and telson used to help crayfish move backwards

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18
Q

Respiration of Crustaceans

A

Takes place by gills under the hard carapace

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19
Q

Excretion of Crustaceans

A

Green glands- excrete metabolic wastes through duct; food waste passes out through anus

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20
Q

Reproduction of Crustaceans

A

The abdominal segments have swimmerets which are used to hold the eggs in the female
- Separate sexes; male swimmerets point upward

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21
Q

Swimmerets

A

used to hold the eggs in the female
Transfer sperm to female

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22
Q

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fsubjects%2Finvertebrates%2Fcrustacean%2Flabel%2Fcrayfish%2Flabel.GIF&tbnid=9XEOZC8Jpt1zwM&vet=12ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygAegUIARCfAQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fsubjects%2Finvertebrates%2Fcrustacean%2Flabel%2Fcrayfish%2F&docid=j6VBDLbhEnJrOM&w=565&h=307&q=labelling%20practice%20crayfish&hl=en&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygAegUIARCfAQ

A

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fcgifs%2FCrayfish_bw.GIF&tbnid=IBeVRyo_O5Kl_M&vet=12ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygBegUIARChAQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enchantedlearning.com%2Fsubjects%2Finvertebrates%2Fcrustacean%2FCrayfishprintout.shtml&docid=PaMrgJEFClKMdM&w=488&h=263&q=labelling%20practice%20crayfish&hl=en&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwi4h67Wof7-AhXFMDQIHRvyD9oQMygBegUIARChAQ

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23
Q

Insects

A
  • Many exhibit social behaviour, such as bees or ants
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24
Q

Response of Insects

A

In addition to brain and nerve cord, head usually bears a pair of antennae, compound eyes, simple eyes, and income tympanum for the reception of sound waves

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25
Locomotion of insects
Thorax bears three pairs of legs and up to 2 pairs of wings
26
Excretion of Insects
Malpighian tubules collect nitrogen waste, which is added to digestive tract; waste then passes out through anus
27
Compound eye of insects
Little spikes protect their eyes Each line equals optic nerve Many hexagonal-shaped facets
28
Insect diversity
Walking stick, bee, dragonfly, housefly, butterfly
29
Internal transport of insects
Open circulatory system, heart pumps hemolymph into aorta that leads to a meocoex (contains system), where it circulates before returning to the heart
30
Feeding of insects
Mouthparts specialized for diet for example, chewing vegetation, siphoning nectar
31
Digestion of Insects
Mouthparts chew food, crop stores, digestion occurs in stomach and intestine
32
Respiration of insects (terrestrial life)
Tracheae (small tubules) open to outside by hole called spiracles (on abdomen)
33
Reproduction of insects
Mate by having sex Female grasshopper has ovipositor at posterior end to dig hole and lay eggs Grasshoppers undergo gradual metamorphosis from nymph to adult (referred to as incomplete metamorphosis) butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis, changing from larva to pupa to adult
34
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fkowalskigrasshopper.weebly.com%2Fuploads%2F2%2F7%2F9%2F9%2F27994495%2Flabel.gif&tbnid=b2xEADGDu7qgVM&vet=12ahUKEwjQmMXJpP7-AhUGIzQIHT0gBxMQMygEegQIARBL..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fkowalskigrasshopper.weebly.com%2Fbody-parts-activity1.html&docid=gBRocItAm3z5WM&w=537&h=295&q=labelling%20practice%20grasshopper&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwjQmMXJpP7-AhUGIzQIHT0gBxMQMygEegQIARBL
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F5142123%2Flabel-the-grasshopper-anatomy-diagram-wyoming-agriculture-in-&psig=AOvVaw1z6yAvnL1_piQFcNOmKivP&ust=1684479312178000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCOCAkMqk_v4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
35
Internal grasshopper diagram
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamilton-local.k12.oh.us%2FDownloads%2F5-10_Grasshopper%2520Dissection.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2xBwwg5ji3x8B1ruce-tNP&ust=1684479370083000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCNCT7-Wk_v4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAw
36
Arachnids
Include terrestrial spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites Ticks and mites are parasitic 2 body segments- cephalothorax and abdomen
37
Cephalothorax of arachnids
Bears six pairs of appendages: The chelicerae and the pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs
38
Chelicerae
Contain fangs to deliver poison
39
Pedipalps
Sense of hold the prey
40
Excretion of arachnids
Have malphigian tubules- they secrete uric acid, helping to conserve water
41
Respiration of arachnids
Using a "book lung"- inner body wall folds inward to look like pages of book
42
significance of spiders webs
The type of web is a feature that demonstrates the evolutionary relationship among spiders
43
Response of arachnids
8 Simple eyes and no antennae
44
Arachnid diversity
Centipedes, millipedes, scorpion
45
Centipedes
Arachnid head and numerous body segments 1 pair of legs per segment (about 30 legs) Breathe with trachea Carnivores; nocturnal; move quickly Poison claws to paralyze prey
46
Millipedes
Arachnid Head and numerous body segments 2 pairs of legs per segment (about 70 legs) Breathe with trachea Herbivores, move slowly, harmless to humans
47
Difference of millipedes and centipedes
Millipedes have 2 pairs of legs per segment while centipedes have 1 pair of legs per segment
48
Chelicerae
Arachnid's most anterior pair of appendages modified into mouthparts Adapted to function as fangs or pincers and often are connected to a poison gland
49
Pedipalps
Second pair of appendages in arachnids Used for sensing and holding prey Reproduction in male spiders and large pincers in scorpions
50
Spiders
All are carnivores arachnids
51
Spinnerets
Located at the end of a spider's abdomen
52
Ticks, mites, scorpions
Arachnids Cephalothorax and abdomen fused into one section Can be predators or parasites
53
Scorpions
feed on insects, spiders, and small vertebrates that they capture with their pedipalps and tear apart with their chelicerae Generally nocturnal, hiding under logs or in burrows during the day Stinger at the end of abdomen Venom in stinger
54
Horseshoe crab
Arachnids Posterior appendages modified with leaf like plates at their tips that can be used for digging or swimming Come to shore to reproduce at high tide
55
Characteristics of arthropods
segmentation, jointed appendages, exoskeleton
56
crustacean characteristics
Two pairs of antennae two compound eyes mandibles 5 pairs of legs (chelipeds and walking legs) swimmerets
57
Spiders + relatives characteristics
no antennae 2 body sections 6 pairs of jointed appendages (chelicerae, pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs)
58
Insects + relatives characteristics
Antennae compound eyes simple eyes 3 body sections 3 pairs of legs generally two pairs of wings on thorax
59
Siphoning mouthpart function and examples
Feeding tube is uncoiled and extended to suck liquids ex. butterflies, moths
60
Sponging mouthpart function and examples
Fleshy end of mouthpart acts like sponge to mop up food ex. houseflies, fruit flies
61
Piercing/Sucking mouthpart function and examples
Thin, needlelike tube pierces skin or plant wall to suck liquids into mouth ex. mosquitoes, leafhoppers, stink bugs, fleas
62
Chewing mouthpart function and examples
Mandible pierces or cuts animal or plant tissue and other mouthparts bring food to the mouth ex. grasshoppers, beetles, ants, bees, earwigs
63
Complete metamorphosis
Four stages- egg, larva, pupa, adult Larva has chewing mouthparts and moles several times Pupa is non feeding and the animal changes from larval form into adult form
64
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Hatch from eggs as nymphs (look like small adults) After several bolts, nymphs become adults
65
Tympanum
A flat membrane used for hearing Vibrates in response to sound waves Can be found on the forelegs (crickets), abdomen (grasshoppers), or thorax (moths)
66
Respiration of arthropods
Oxygen from one of three structures: gills, tracheal tubes, or book lungs
67
Book lungs
Saclike pockets with highly folded walls for respiration Folded walls increase the surface area of lungs and let exchange of gases be efficient
68
Spiracles
Openings on the outside of the body where Tracheae and book lungs open to
69
Tracheal tubes
A system of branching tubes Branch into smaller and smaller tubes and these tubules carry oxygen throughout the body
70
Circulation of arthropods
Blood is pumped by heart into vessels that carry blood to body tissues Tissues flooded with blood then returns to the heart through open body spaces
71
Malphigian tubules
In the abdomen Used for excretion and help preserve water in terrestrial arthropods Attached to and empty into gut, which contains the undigested food wastes to be eliminated from the body Crustaceans do not have

Biology 11 (2 decks)

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