Phylogenetics

Question 0

Mechanisms for microe

Answer 0

Genetic drift
-bottleneck,founder
Gene flow
Mutation
Sexual selection (honest sig)
Natural selection

Question 1

Evidence for evolution

Answer 1

Transitional fossils
Biogeography
DNA/protein sequences
Homologous structures
Vestigial structures
Convergence

Question 2

Pre zygotic barrier

Answer 2

Temporal
Habitat
Mechanical
Behavioral
Gametic

Question 3

Post zygotic barrier

Answer 3

Reduced hybrid viability (not sexual mature(
Reduced hybrid fertility
Hybrid breakdown

Question 4

Mutations

Answer 4

Point: base changes (((silent
—missense: new amino
—non sense: stop codon
Frameshift: add/delete amino

Question 5

Models of DNA replication

Answer 5

Meselson stahl
Semi conservative
Conservative
Dispersive

Question 6

Bacteria/viruses have DNA

Answer 6

Hershey chase
Phage. Radio labeled DNA and protein coat. Stopped with blender
DNA transforming principle

Question 7

Gene is made of DNA

Answer 7

Griffith
Rats. R good. S bad. Heat killed. Transformed=principle
Avery maclerd macacrthy
Enzymes. DNA. Protein.

Question 8

Chi square

Answer 8

O E D D2 d2/e. +

Above .05 good

Question 9

Classification

Answer 9

Dkpcofgs

Question 10

Ectoderm

Answer 10

Layer covers surface of embryo, forms outer covering of adult animal and central nervous
In both

Question 11

Endoderm

Answer 11

Innermost germ layer. Lines gut. Lining of digestive tract. Outpockets liver lungs
In both

Question 12

Mesoderm

Answer 12

Layer be encto and endo in trip. Forms muscles and most organs bw digestive and outer

Question 13

Acoelmate

Answer 13

No body cavity bw digestive and outer body wall. Inside filled with cells. Body solid. No fluid filled cavity

Question 14

Pseudocoemate

Answer 14

Fluid filled body cavity separates dig and outer bw. Cavity not completely lined with mesoderm

Question 15

Coelmate

Answer 15

Fluid filled body cavity completely lined with mesderm. Mesoderm layers suspend organs in coelom

• -organs can swell and contract
• -formation of circulatory
• -fluid can transport by diffusion

Question 16

Protostomes

Answer 16

Spiral cleavage
Determinate
Blastopore is mouth

Question 17

Deuterostome

Answer 17

Radial cleavage
Indeterminate
Blastopore is anus

Question 18

Porifera

Answer 18

Marine. No true tissue (metazoan). Asymmetry. Intracellular digestion. Sponges. Choanocytes-filter water, lined with flagella(collar), food caught in collar.

Question 19

Cnidaria

Answer 19

Can move. Marine. True tissues (eumetazoan) diploblastic. Radiata. 2 germ layers. 1 digestive opening. Cnidocytes (stinging cells-not connected to nerve). Poly (coral) can’t move. Medusa (jelly)

Question 20

Platyhelminthes

Answer 20

Eumetazoan. Triploblastic. Bilateral. Protostome. 3 germs layers. Acoelmate. Single digestive opening. Many parasitic. Tape worm-scolix in intestine take in nutrients, segments break off.

Question 21

Mollusca

Answer 21

Marine. Cephalization. Eumetazoan. Triploblastic. 3 germs layers. Bilatera. Colemate. Protostome. Soft bodies. Shell made of calcium carbonate by mantle. Gastropod: one shell herbivores. Bivalvia: 2 shells, filter feeders. Cephalopoda: reduced shell (squid). Feeding structure: radula scrap/drill(car). Welch=hole

Question 22

Annelida

Answer 22

-terrestrial, sea. Eumetazoan. Tripliblastic (3). Bilatera. Coelomate. Protostome. Segmented worms-body subdivided into repeating segments. Digestive tract 2 openings. Leech-anesthetic, anticoagulant

Question 23

Arthropoda

Answer 23

All habitats. Eumetazoan. Triploblastic. Bilateral. Coelmate. Protostome. Jointed legs. Exoskeleton made of chitin (sheds). Crustaceans, Arachnida, insects(pollinators), centipedes/millipedes. Segmented bodies

Question 24

Echinodermata

Answer 24

Marine. Eumeazoan. Triploblastic. Bilatera. Colemate (2nd). Deuterostome. Rough spiny skin. 5way pentaradial in adult. Larva bilateral. Water vascular skeleton. Internal skeleton. Sea urchins, sea stars, sand dollars

Question 25

Chordata

Answer 25

Everywhere. Eumetazoan. Trophoblastic. Bilatera. Coelomate. Deuterostomes. Larva: dorsal tubular nerve chord (spine). Notochord (rod bw digest and nerve chord). Tail extending past anus (tail bone). Pharynx w gill slits (ears jaw).

Question 26

Agnatha

Answer 26

Jawless fish. Aquatic animals. Lack jaws and paired fins. Circular toothed outgrowth-bore into fish suck blood. Lamprey, hagfish (secret slime)

Question 27

Cartilagenous fish

Answer 27

Flexible skeleton of caritlage. Sharks: good smell bad eyes, lateral line system (like of sensory side of body detect small water pressure change), detect electrical current. Skates, rays: body flat for life at bottom

Question 28

Bony fish

Answer 28

Skeleton made of bone. More stiff. Swim bladder- gas filled chamber allows to remain floating in water. Operculum: flap each side of fish covers chambers housing hills

Question 29

Amphibians

Answer 29

Tetrapods (4legs). Not have amniotic eggs (fluid filled eggs where embryo develop). Reliant on water or egg dry out. Larva metamorphosis. Soft skinner. Will dry out. First on land. Frog toad newt

Question 30

Reptilia

Answer 30

Ectothermic. Amniotic eggs(shell). Embryo develops in fluid filled sac- prevents egg drying out. Tough skin made of protein. Thick. Can’t gas exchange=realities system. Birds-feathers(hollow shaft. Hollow bones. Wings. Scales on legs.

Question 31

Mammals

Answer 31

Endothermic. Mammary gland&hair Produce milk. Hair insulates body, maintain warm temp. Monotremes-lay eggs. Milk secreted by skin no nips. Platypus. Marsupial-birth to tiny embroys attached to nip. Grow in external pouch. Kangaroo. Eutherian(placentals)-long term relationship. Placenta. Amniotic fluid

Question 32

Don’t bring hot veggies to carries

Answer 32

Anna and Jaime can’t but butts also Anna makes money

PCP made Anna and Emily crazy