Phylogenetic Relationships Flashcards
what are Phylogenetic Relationships?
Serve as visual representations of phylogeny, the historical relationships between species
what does extant mean?
that are extant means they are living today
what do branches represent?
Branches represent ancestral populations of species through time
what do nodes represent?
Nodes represent points where one species splits into two more descendent populations
what do roots identify?
Roots identify the origin of the lineage.
what are cladograms?
Cladograms are bifurcating tree diagrams
what are Phenetic characters ?
Phenetic characters are those responsible for appearance
what kind of data can be used to classify species?
Taxonomic classifications have generally relied on physical differences among taxa, but now data from molecular biology have yielded new characters to consider.
what is another term for cladistics?
Cladistics is also known as Phylogenetic Systematics
the term for shared derived characters?
synapomorphy
what is the term for related groups of taxa?
related groups sister taxa, as they are derived from an unknown common ancestor.
true or false: no living taxon can be an ancestor of another living taxon.
true : No living taxon can be an ancestor of another living taxon.
what is the name of a group that does not include all descendents?
paraphyletic means they do not include all descendents
define a Polyphyletic group
Polyphyletic groups exclude the common ancestor.
what are Homoplasies?
Homoplasies are similarities between organisms that do not share recent common ancestry.
