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Medical Emergencies > Phyiology And Anatomy > Flashcards

Phyiology And Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Dentine is made up of..

A

80% inorganic crystal

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2
Q

Pulp is..

A

A soft tissue

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3
Q

Cementum is..

A

65% mineralised crystals

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4
Q

The trigeminal nerve is known as..

A

The 5th/v nerve. Sensory, pain, temp, touch. Soft tissue

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5
Q

The facial nerve is known as..

A

The 7th/v11 nerve. Sensory, taste from

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6
Q

The glossopharyneal nerve is known as..

A

The 9th/1x nerve. Sensory, taste from posterior tongue.

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7
Q

Hypoglossal nerve is known as the?

A

12th/X11 nerve. Tongue muscle

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8
Q

The anterior nerve effects..

A

Teeth 1,2,3

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9
Q

The middle nerve effects teeth..

A

4,5 and distal half of 6

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10
Q

The posterior nerve effects teeth..

A

Distal half of 6,7 and 8

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11
Q

The most common block is..

A

The ID nerve (6,7 and 8) inferior nerve

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12
Q

Code 0-

A

Healthy gingival tissue with no bleeding on probing

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13
Q

Code 1-

A

Pocketing no more than 3.5mm. Bleeding on probing, no calculas or other plaque retention factor present

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14
Q

Code 2-

A

Pocket no more then 3.5mm but plaque retention factor detected

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15
Q

Code 3-

A

Pocket present upto 5.5mm deep

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16
Q

Code 4-

A

Pocket present deeper then 5.5mm

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17
Q

Code *-

A

Gingival recession or furcation involvement present

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18
Q

The perio ligament acts as a..

A

Shock absorber

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19
Q

The ring around the muscle surrounding the mouth is the..

A

Orbricularis oris

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20
Q

The natural shredding of teeth is called?

A

Exfoliation

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21
Q

Drug records should be kept for?

A

11 years

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22
Q

Blood vessels pass through natural openings called?

A

The foremen

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23
Q

Ortho class one-

A

Normal

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24
Q

Ortho class 2 div 1-

A

Proclined

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25
Q

Ortho class 2 div 2-

A

Retroclined

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26
Q

Ortho class 3-

A

Overjet

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27
Q

A patient who sucks their thumb often has a..

A

Proclined incisor teeth and an anterior open bite

28
Q

Enamel is made up of?..

A

96% mineral crystal called called calcium hydroxyapatite

29
Q

What joins the temple bone and condylar me together?

A

The glenoid fossa

30
Q

What lies beneath the shell of the tooth?

A

Enamel

31
Q

What comes after enamel?

A

Dentine

32
Q

What is the gum known as?

A

The gingiva

33
Q

What is the nerve running through the centre of the tooth known as?

A

The pulp

34
Q

What is the gum surrounding the tooth known as?

A

Spongy bone

35
Q

What is the outer layer of the tooth called?

A

Cementum

36
Q

What lies at the base of tooth?

A

The apex

37
Q

An over bite greater then 50% means what?

A

Class ii div 2 incisors

38
Q

An over jet greater then 4mm means what?

A

Class ii div 1 malocclusion

39
Q

Angles classification is based on the position of which teeth

A

The first molars and canines in each jaw

40
Q

A twin block Appliance relies on what to move the teeth?

A

Muscles of facial expression and mastication

41
Q

What is an Adams crib?

A

A stainless steel clasp fitted on to molar teeth to retain the appliance

42
Q

In a removable ortho appliance what do springs do?

A

Move the teeth along the arch as required

43
Q

In a removable ortho appliance what do retractors do?

A

To push one or several teeth backwards

44
Q

In a removable appliance what are expansion screws used for?

A

To move several teeth or each half of the upper arch outwards

45
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A

Atria/atrium

46
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

A

Ventricles

47
Q

Which side of the heart transports deoxygenated blood?

A

The Right side

From the body to the lungs

48
Q

Which side of the body transports oxygenated blood?

A

The left side

From the lungs to the rest of the body

49
Q

What is the name of the one way valve between the two right heart chambers?

A

Tricuspid valve

50
Q

What is the name of the one way valve in the left chamber of the heart?

A

The mitral valve

51
Q

Deoxygenated blood is collected from the whole body through what?

A

Veins

52
Q

Blood vessels taking oxygenated blood around the body are?

A

Arteries

53
Q

Which is the largest artery in the body?

A

The aorta

54
Q

Oxygen passes out of capillaries as what?

A

Carbon dioxide
the waste product of energy production

This is called internal respiration as a gas exchange

55
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The is the release of co2 from lungs and 02 breathed in and reoxygenated

56
Q

What transports food from the mouth to the stomach?

A

The oesophagus

57
Q

Where is the majority of ingested food stored while being broken down for absorption?

A

The stomach

58
Q

Where is the final stage of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

A

Small intestine

59
Q

Where are digestive waste products stores before elimination?

A

Large intestine

60
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

A wave like muscle action of the oesophagus pushing swallowed food down the throat

61
Q

The acidic stomach contents have a oh value of what?

A

PH2

62
Q

What does the liver produce to neutralise the acid stomach contents?

A

Alkaline bile.

63
Q

Where is alkaline bile stored?

A

The gore bladder

64
Q

Which organ assists digestion by producing various enzymes into the small intestine?

A

The pancreas

65
Q

The liver is a chemical factory or the body and its functions are

A

Storage and distribution of carbohydrates

66
Q

Difficulty in swallowing is known as what?

A

Dysphasia

Medical Emergencies (5 decks)

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