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Phycology Terms > Phycology Terms > Flashcards

Phycology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning from the consequences of actions

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2
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Receiving something pleasant for a behavior so we repeat it

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3
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

The avoidance of something unpleasant so we repeat it

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4
Q

Primary reinforcers

A

These satisfy our basic needs e.g water food and shelter

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5
Q

Secondary reinforcers

A

They have no survival value but we have linked them with value e.g money and credit cards

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6
Q

Social learning theory

A

Behavior is learned through observing and imitating role models

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7
Q

Retention

A

Able to recall the modeled behavior

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8
Q

Modeling

A

Learning new behavior through observing, retaking and reproducing the behavior of a role model

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9
Q

Reproduction

A

An ability to reproduce the behavior

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10
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning new behavior through watching and imitating and role model

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11
Q

Motivation

A

This increases the likelihood of imitating the modeled behavior

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12
Q

Role model

A

A person we admire or whom we share similar characteristics

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13
Q

Identification

A

This occurs in the “Social learning theory” this is when the learner replicates the behavior and or internalizes it

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14
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

Motivation to model the behaviors of others who we see being rewarded for that behavior

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15
Q

Extraversion

A

Behavior that is outgoing, sensation seeking and sociable

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16
Q

Introversion

A

Behavior that is reserved, calm and quiet

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17
Q

Neuroticism

A

Behavior tat is easily agitated, anxious and worrisome

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18
Q

Phychoticism

A

Behavior that lacks empathy, is antisocial and aggressive

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19
Q

Recidivism

A

When a criminal have been punished for their crime however repeat doing a crime

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20
Q

Rehabilitative

A

A program designed to help offenders rather than punish them

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21
Q

Humanitarian

A

A concern with the welfare of humans

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22
Q

Community sentencing

A

As a punishment, offenders help in community service like painting walls or picking up trash

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23
Q

Curfew

A

Having to be at home during certain times like before 5pm

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24
Q

Restorative Justice

A

When the criminal and victim get together to talk in order to see each other’s view’s on the situation. This helps the victim heal and the offender to understand the pain they had conflicted onto the person

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25
Q

Token economy programme

A

In a prison when a prisoner performs a good task, they receive a token, once collecting a certain number of tokens they can exchange this for privileges such as food and having family visit.

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26
Q

Demand characteristics

A

When the behavior of the participant changes due to believe it that is they way they should behave in the experiment.

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27
Q

Brain

A

The organ in your head that have nerves and processes behavior

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28
Q

Forebrain

A

The anterior part of the brain including the hemispheres and the central brain system

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29
Q

Midbrain

A

The middle part of the brain forming part of the central nervous system

30
Q

Hindbrain

A

The lower part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pins and the medulla oblongata

31
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Connects the upper brain to the spinal chord and controls automatic responses

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls motor movement

33
Q

Involuntary response

A

An response to a stimuli whiteout someone making a conscious choice. Such as reflexes

34
Q

Neural connections

A

Connections made from messages being passed on from one nerve cell (neuron) to another.

35
Q

Cognitive

A

Thinking, including problem solving, perceiving, remembering, unsung language and reasoning.

36
Q

Operations

A

How we reason and think about things

37
Q

Object permanence

A

At around 6 months children develop this. Knowing something still exists even when out of sight

38
Q

Symbolic play

A

Pre-operational stage / symbolic function stage 2-4 years. Children play with objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas

39
Q

Egocentrism

A

This is found in children in the symbolic function stage. They are unable to understand that people have different veins of a situation

40
Q

Animism

A

found in the symbolic function stage. When children believe that objects have lives

41
Q

Centration

A

Intuitive thought stage. When you only focus on one feature of a situation ignoring other important features

42
Q

Irreversibility

A

Found in children in the intuitive thought stage (4-7years ) Unable to understand that things can be reversed into its original state

43
Q

Morality

A

General principles about what is right and wrong including bad and good behavior.

44
Q

Schema

A

Mental representations of the world formed from ones experiences

45
Q

Adaptation

A

Using assimilation and accommodation to make sense of the world

46
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporating new ideas into an existing schema

47
Q

Accommodation

A

Having to change ones schema to make sense of a new experience

48
Q

Equilibrium

A

When a child can make sense of everything that they have experienced. A state of mental balance.

49
Q

Subjective

A

Based on ones personal feelings and opinions

50
Q

Validity

A

When the results of a study represents the situation that they are testing

51
Q

Mindset

A

A set of beliefs that someone has that guides how someone responds to a situation

52
Q

Fixed mindset

A

The belief that your ability’s are fixed and unchangeable

53
Q

Growth Mindset

A

The belief that through work and practice ones ability’s will improve

54
Q

Short term memory

A

Our initial memory store that is limited and temporary

55
Q

Rehearse

A

Repeating information so that it sticks

56
Q

Long term memory

A

A memory store that is limitless and can last up to a lifetime

57
Q

Motor skills

A

Actions that involve muscles and brain processes that results to a movement

58
Q

Decentration

A

Being able to take the view of another person

59
Q

Social learning

A

Learning through observing and copying others

60
Q

Self regulation

A

Being able to control yourself without the influence of others

61
Q

Nature

A

Explanation of behavior that focuses on the things that we are born with

62
Q

Nurture

A

An explanation of behavior that focuses on the things that has happened to us

63
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data that is described such as words or pictures

64
Q

Reliability

A

Outcome of a study is consistent

65
Q

Framework

A

Basic understanding of facts and ideas when making decisions

66
Q

Person praise

A

Praising the person not the work done

67
Q

Process praise

A

Praising the effort done

68
Q

Entity theory / motivational framework

A

The theory that behavior and ability is what your are born with

69
Q

Incremental theory

A

The theory that ability and behavior is through effort

70
Q

Ecological validity

A

To what extent the findings of the study explains behaviors in real life situations

Phycology Terms (1 decks)

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