Phrase Structure, Form, And Texture Flashcards
Period
Two phrases that relate to each other like a question and answer does in language
Antecedent
First phrase that ends with a less complete cadence (HC, DC, or PC)
Consequent
Second phrase that usually ends with a strong cadence (IAC, PAC)
Parallel period
Beginning of the phrase is the same in both phrases
Contrasting period
Beginning of the melody in each phrase is different (ab)
Form
Analysis of phrase structure
Song form
Most common (AABA’)
Binary
Two phrases together that create larger sections, often repeated (AABB). May also be compromised of two sections that are similar (AA’). Simple binary was pretentious used for dances that maintained the same rhythmic feel but uses different keys for each section; music often moves to a new key in the B section, but returns to tonic at the end of the B section.
Sectional Binary
First section that ends with an authentic cadence (AC) in the original key
Continuous Binary
Any other cadence or modulation that occurs at the end of the B section
Strophic
The same music is used for each verse or stanza (AAAA)
Through-composed
New music for each stanza, often to reflect different moods for each stanza.
Ternary
Three parts with a recapitulation of the first part (ABA). The first section could be repeated (AABA), which was popular with 18th century operatic acts.
Rounded Binary
Closely related to Ternary but with one big difference- in rounded binary only a PORTION of the the A material returns after the B section. It is usually half of the original sections material (usually the latter half containing a PAC)
Rondo
Has a principal theme (sometimes called motive) that alternates with one or more contrasting themes (generally called episodes or digressions). Most rondos fall into five-part (ABACA) or seven- part (ABACABA) form.
Arch
Resembles a rondo without the intermediate repetition of the main theme (ABCBA)
Theme and Variation
Has only one “section” and is repeated indefinitely and is varied each time (AA1A2A3etc…) important variation of this form is passacaglia and chaconne, which features a repeating bass theme (sometimes called basso ostinato) over which the rest of the musical structure is written:
Sonata-Allegro
Came to importance during classical period mostly by Hayden, Mozart, and Beethoven. Found mostly in the first movement of sonatas and large symphonies. And has three main sections.
Exposition
Main theme in a tonic key, second theme in dominate or relative major if the first is in minor
Development
Previously presented themes are expanded and developed, often traveling through several keys
Recapitulation
Restatement of the exposition with the first and second themes both in the tonic key and often concludes wuth a coda or codetta
Texture
Describing how much is going on in the music at any given moment
Monophonic
Music only has one melodic line with NO harmony or counterpoint. They may be rhythmic accompaniment. Sometimes called monophony,
Homophonic
Has one clear melodic line that naturally draws your attention. All other parts/lines provide accompaniment or fill in the chords. This is mostly 4-part writing. Sometimes Homophony.
Polyphonic
More than one independent melody occurring at the same time. Examples includes rounds, canons, and fugues. If the individual lines are similar in their shapes and sounds , then it is imitative and non-imitative. If the individual lines are similar in their shapes and sounds, than it it imitative. A fugue is an example of a imitative polyphony that was very popular in the baroque period.
Heterophonic
Only one melody, but different variations of it are being sung or played at the same time. Very popular in blue grass and cajun style of music along with middle eastern, south asian, and Native American music. Sometimes called heterophony.
