🩷 Photosynthesis, Respiration & ATP Info needed before learning

Question 1

What do plants need energy for?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.

Question 2

What do animals need energy for?

Answer 2

Muscle contraction, maintenance of body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.

Question 3

What does photosynthesis store energy in?

Answer 3

Glucose.

Question 4

Photosynthesis definition:

Answer 4

The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide (the light energy is converted to chemical energy in the for of glucose).

Question 5

Overall photosynthesis equation:

Answer 5

6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY —– C6H12O6 (GLUCOSE) + 6O2

Question 6

The energy made from photosynthesis which is stored in glucose is stored in the plant until it is released by what process?

Answer 6

Respiration.

Question 7

Respiration definition:

Answer 7

When plant and animal cells release energy from glucose.

Question 8

Name the two types of respiration.

Answer 8

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Question 9

Does aerobic respiration use oxygen?

Answer 9

Yes.

Question 10

Does anaerobic respiration use oxygen?

Answer 10

No.

Question 11

Aerobic respiration produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, and releases _ _ _ _ _ _.

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide
Water,
Energy.

Question 12

What is the overall equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 —– 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY

Question 13

Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and releases _ _ _ _ _ _.

Answer 13

Ethanol
Carbon dioxide
Energy.

Question 14

In humans, what does anaerobic respiration produce?

Answer 14

Lactate and releases energy.

Question 15

What is the immediate source of energy in a cell?

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

Phosphorylation definition

Answer 16

Adding phosphate to a molecule, e.g. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP.

Question 17

Metabolic pathway definition

Answer 17

A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes, e.g. respiration and photosynthesis.

Question 18

Photophosphorylation defintion

Answer 18

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light.

Question 19

Photolysis definition

Answer 19

The splitting (lysis) of a molecule using light (photo) energy.

Question 20

Photoionisation definition

Answer 20

When light energy excites electrons in a an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released. The release of electrons causes the atom or molecule to become a positively-charged ion.

Question 21

Hydrolysis definition

Answer 21

The splitting (lysis) of a molecule using water (hydro).

Question 22

Decarboxylation defintion

Answer 22

The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.

Question 23

Dehydrogenation defintion

Answer 23

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

Question 24

Redox reactions definition

Answer 24

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction.

Question 25

What acronym is used to remember what happens in redox reactions?

Answer 25

OILRIG.

Question 26

What does OILRIG stand for?

Answer 26

Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain ... of electrons.

Question 27

What type of enzymes do both photosynthesis and respiration involve?

Answer 27

Coenzymes.

Question 28

Coenzyme defintion

Answer 28

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.

Question 29

How do co enzymes work?

Answer 29

They work by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another.

Question 30

What is the name of a coenzyme used in photosynthesis?

Answer 30

NADP.

Question 31

What is the role of NADP?

Answer 31

To transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another. This means that is can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen from) a molecule.

Question 32

What are the names of the coenzymes which are used in respiration?

Answer 32

NAD, coenzyme A and FAD.

Question 33

What is the role of NAD and FAD in respiration?

Answer 33

They transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another. This means that is can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen from) a molecule.

Question 34

What is the role of Coenzyme A?

Answer 34

It transfers acetate between molecules.

Question 35

When hydrogen is transferred between molecules, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are transferred too.

Answer 35

electrons.