🩷 Photosynthesis, Respiration & ATP Info needed before learning Flashcards
What do plants need energy for?
Photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.
What do animals need energy for?
Muscle contraction, maintenance of body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.
What does photosynthesis store energy in?
Glucose.
Photosynthesis definition:
The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide (the light energy is converted to chemical energy in the for of glucose).
Overall photosynthesis equation:
6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY —– C6H12O6 (GLUCOSE) + 6O2
The energy made from photosynthesis which is stored in glucose is stored in the plant until it is released by what process?
Respiration.
Respiration definition:
When plant and animal cells release energy from glucose.
Name the two types of respiration.
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Does aerobic respiration use oxygen?
Yes.
Does anaerobic respiration use oxygen?
No.
Aerobic respiration produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, and releases _ _ _ _ _ _.
Carbon dioxide
Water,
Energy.
What is the overall equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 —– 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY
Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and releases _ _ _ _ _ _.
Ethanol
Carbon dioxide
Energy.
In humans, what does anaerobic respiration produce?
Lactate and releases energy.
What is the immediate source of energy in a cell?
ATP
Phosphorylation definition
Adding phosphate to a molecule, e.g. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP.
Metabolic pathway definition
A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes, e.g. respiration and photosynthesis.
Photophosphorylation defintion
Adding phosphate to a molecule using light.
Photolysis definition
The splitting (lysis) of a molecule using light (photo) energy.
Photoionisation definition
When light energy excites electrons in a an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released. The release of electrons causes the atom or molecule to become a positively-charged ion.
Hydrolysis definition
The splitting (lysis) of a molecule using water (hydro).
Decarboxylation defintion
The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.
Dehydrogenation defintion
The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.
Redox reactions definition
Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction.
What acronym is used to remember what happens in redox reactions?
OILRIG.
What does OILRIG stand for?
Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain … of electrons.
What type of enzymes do both photosynthesis and respiration involve?
Coenzymes.
Coenzyme defintion
A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.
How do co enzymes work?
They work by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another.
What is the name of a coenzyme used in photosynthesis?
NADP.
What is the role of NADP?
To transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another. This means that is can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen from) a molecule.
What are the names of the coenzymes which are used in respiration?
NAD, coenzyme A and FAD.
What is the role of NAD and FAD in respiration?
They transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another. This means that is can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen from) a molecule.
What is the role of Coenzyme A?
It transfers acetate between molecules.
When hydrogen is transferred between molecules, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are transferred too.
electrons.
