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P2 - 3.5 Energy transfers in and between organisms (A-level only) > 🩷 Photosynthesis, Respiration & ATP Info needed before learning > Flashcards

🩷 Photosynthesis, Respiration & ATP Info needed before learning Flashcards

1
Q

What do plants need energy for?

A

Photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.

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2
Q

What do animals need energy for?

A

Muscle contraction, maintenance of body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.

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3
Q

What does photosynthesis store energy in?

A

Glucose.

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4
Q

Photosynthesis definition:

A

The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide (the light energy is converted to chemical energy in the for of glucose).

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5
Q

Overall photosynthesis equation:

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY —– C6H12O6 (GLUCOSE) + 6O2

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6
Q

The energy made from photosynthesis which is stored in glucose is stored in the plant until it is released by what process?

A

Respiration.

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7
Q

Respiration definition:

A

When plant and animal cells release energy from glucose.

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8
Q

Name the two types of respiration.

A

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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9
Q

Does aerobic respiration use oxygen?

A

Yes.

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10
Q

Does anaerobic respiration use oxygen?

A

No.

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11
Q

Aerobic respiration produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, and releases _ _ _ _ _ _.

A

Carbon dioxide
Water,
Energy.

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12
Q

What is the overall equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 —– 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY

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13
Q

Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and releases _ _ _ _ _ _.

A

Ethanol
Carbon dioxide
Energy.

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14
Q

In humans, what does anaerobic respiration produce?

A

Lactate and releases energy.

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15
Q

What is the immediate source of energy in a cell?

A

ATP

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16
Q

Phosphorylation definition

A

Adding phosphate to a molecule, e.g. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP.

17
Q

Metabolic pathway definition

A

A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes, e.g. respiration and photosynthesis.

18
Q

Photophosphorylation defintion

A

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light.

19
Q

Photolysis definition

A

The splitting (lysis) of a molecule using light (photo) energy.

20
Q

Photoionisation definition

A

When light energy excites electrons in a an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released. The release of electrons causes the atom or molecule to become a positively-charged ion.

21
Q

Hydrolysis definition

A

The splitting (lysis) of a molecule using water (hydro).

22
Q

Decarboxylation defintion

A

The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.

23
Q

Dehydrogenation defintion

A

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

24
Q

Redox reactions definition

A

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction.

25
Q

What acronym is used to remember what happens in redox reactions?

A

OILRIG.

26
Q

What does OILRIG stand for?

A

Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain … of electrons.

27
Q

What type of enzymes do both photosynthesis and respiration involve?

A

Coenzymes.

28
Q

Coenzyme defintion

A

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.

29
Q

How do co enzymes work?

A

They work by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another.

30
Q

What is the name of a coenzyme used in photosynthesis?

A

NADP.

31
Q

What is the role of NADP?

A

To transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another. This means that is can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen from) a molecule.

32
Q

What are the names of the coenzymes which are used in respiration?

A

NAD, coenzyme A and FAD.

33
Q

What is the role of NAD and FAD in respiration?

A

They transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another. This means that is can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen from) a molecule.

34
Q

What is the role of Coenzyme A?

A

It transfers acetate between molecules.

35
Q

When hydrogen is transferred between molecules, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are transferred too.

A

electrons.

P2 - 3.5 Energy transfers in and between organisms (A-level only) (5 decks)

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