Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP Flashcards

0
Q

By which process do plants produce glucose for energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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1
Q

All biological processes require energy.

What is the main source of energy used by all organisms?

A

Glucose

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2
Q

What do plants need for photosynthesis to occur?

A

Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
Water

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3
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O —(sunlight)–> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

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4
Q

What is C6 H12 O6?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

How do cells release energy?

A

Respiration

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6
Q

Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

A

Aerobic- with oxygen

Anaerobic- without oxygen

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7
Q

What is the immediate source of energy in a cell?

A

ATP

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8
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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9
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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10
Q

Why can’t a cell get energy directly from glucose?

A

Glucose molecules are too large to enter the cell.

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11
Q

What is ATP composed of?

A

Adenosine (base)

Ribose sugar

Three phosphate groups

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12
Q

What is ATP synthesised from?

A

ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)

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13
Q

What catalyses the reaction of ADP + Pi ?

A

ATP synthase

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14
Q

How does ATP enter the cell?

A

Via diffusion

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15
Q

Once inside the cell, what happens to ATP and what catalyses this reaction?

A

Broken back down into ADP and Pi.

Catalysed by ATPase

16
Q

What makes ATP a good energy source?

A

Releases small, manageable quantities of energy.
Small and soluble- easily transported.
Easily broken down- fast release of energy.
Can’t pass out of cell- immediate supply of energy.

17
Q

Define:

Metabolic pathway

A

Series of small reactions controlled by enzymes.

18
Q

Define:

Phosphorylation

A

Adding a phosphate group to a molecule.

19
Q

Define:

Photophosphorylation

A

Addition of phosphate to a molecule using LIGHT.

20
Q

Define:

Photolysis

A

Splitting of a molecule using light energy

21
Q

Define:

Hydrolysis

A

The splitting of a molecule using water

22
Q

Define:

Decarboxylation

A

The removal of CO2 from a molecule.

23
Q

Define:

Dehydrogenation

A

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

24
# Define: Redox reaction
Reactions involving oxidation and reduction.
25
# Define: Coenzyme
A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.
26
Give 3 examples of coenzymes used in respiration.
NAD Coenzyme A FAD
27
Describe the role of NaD and FAD in respiration.
They transfer hydrogen from molecule to molecule. They can do this by reduction or oxidation.
28
Describe the role of Co-A in respiration.
Co-A transfers acetate between molecules.