Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP Flashcards
By which process do plants produce glucose for energy?
Photosynthesis
All biological processes require energy.
What is the main source of energy used by all organisms?
Glucose
What do plants need for photosynthesis to occur?
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
Water
What is the photosynthesis equation?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O —(sunlight)–> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
What is C6 H12 O6?
Glucose
How do cells release energy?
Respiration
Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic- with oxygen
Anaerobic- without oxygen
What is the immediate source of energy in a cell?
ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine Diphosphate
Why can’t a cell get energy directly from glucose?
Glucose molecules are too large to enter the cell.
What is ATP composed of?
Adenosine (base)
Ribose sugar
Three phosphate groups
What is ATP synthesised from?
ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)
What catalyses the reaction of ADP + Pi ?
ATP synthase
How does ATP enter the cell?
Via diffusion
Once inside the cell, what happens to ATP and what catalyses this reaction?
Broken back down into ADP and Pi.
Catalysed by ATPase
What makes ATP a good energy source?
Releases small, manageable quantities of energy.
Small and soluble- easily transported.
Easily broken down- fast release of energy.
Can’t pass out of cell- immediate supply of energy.
Define:
Metabolic pathway
Series of small reactions controlled by enzymes.
Define:
Phosphorylation
Adding a phosphate group to a molecule.
Define:
Photophosphorylation
Addition of phosphate to a molecule using LIGHT.
Define:
Photolysis
Splitting of a molecule using light energy
Define:
Hydrolysis
The splitting of a molecule using water
Define:
Decarboxylation
The removal of CO2 from a molecule.
Define:
Dehydrogenation
The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.
Define:
Redox reaction
Reactions involving oxidation and reduction.
Define:
Coenzyme
A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.
Give 3 examples of coenzymes used in respiration.
NAD
Coenzyme A
FAD
Describe the role of NaD and FAD in respiration.
They transfer hydrogen from molecule to molecule. They can do this by reduction or oxidation.
Describe the role of Co-A in respiration.
Co-A transfers acetate between molecules.
