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Biology > Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP > Flashcards

Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP Flashcards

0
Q

By which process do plants produce glucose for energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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1
Q

All biological processes require energy.

What is the main source of energy used by all organisms?

A

Glucose

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2
Q

What do plants need for photosynthesis to occur?

A

Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
Water

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3
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O —(sunlight)–> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

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4
Q

What is C6 H12 O6?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

How do cells release energy?

A

Respiration

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6
Q

Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

A

Aerobic- with oxygen

Anaerobic- without oxygen

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7
Q

What is the immediate source of energy in a cell?

A

ATP

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8
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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9
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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10
Q

Why can’t a cell get energy directly from glucose?

A

Glucose molecules are too large to enter the cell.

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11
Q

What is ATP composed of?

A

Adenosine (base)

Ribose sugar

Three phosphate groups

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12
Q

What is ATP synthesised from?

A

ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)

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13
Q

What catalyses the reaction of ADP + Pi ?

A

ATP synthase

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14
Q

How does ATP enter the cell?

A

Via diffusion

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15
Q

Once inside the cell, what happens to ATP and what catalyses this reaction?

A

Broken back down into ADP and Pi.

Catalysed by ATPase

16
Q

What makes ATP a good energy source?

A

Releases small, manageable quantities of energy.
Small and soluble- easily transported.
Easily broken down- fast release of energy.
Can’t pass out of cell- immediate supply of energy.

17
Q

Define:

Metabolic pathway

A

Series of small reactions controlled by enzymes.

18
Q

Define:

Phosphorylation

A

Adding a phosphate group to a molecule.

19
Q

Define:

Photophosphorylation

A

Addition of phosphate to a molecule using LIGHT.

20
Q

Define:

Photolysis

A

Splitting of a molecule using light energy

21
Q

Define:

Hydrolysis

A

The splitting of a molecule using water

22
Q

Define:

Decarboxylation

A

The removal of CO2 from a molecule.

23
Q

Define:

Dehydrogenation

A

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

24
Q

Define:

Redox reaction

A

Reactions involving oxidation and reduction.

25
Q

Define:

Coenzyme

A

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.

26
Q

Give 3 examples of coenzymes used in respiration.

A

NAD

Coenzyme A

FAD

27
Q

Describe the role of NaD and FAD in respiration.

A

They transfer hydrogen from molecule to molecule. They can do this by reduction or oxidation.

28
Q

Describe the role of Co-A in respiration.

A

Co-A transfers acetate between molecules.

Biology (3 decks)

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