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Physio lec > Photosynthesis I > Flashcards

Photosynthesis I Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis describes the process by which photosynthetic organisms ______, synthesize organic compounds from ______ raw materials using ____

A

photoautotrophs; inorganic; light

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2
Q

Photosynthesis is the means for ____ to enter into the global ecosystem, and it alone is the essential biological process by which solar energy is transformed into _____ for all forms of life on earth.

A

solar energy; metabollic form of energy

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3
Q

Light has characteristics of both a:

A

particle and a wave

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4
Q

Is characterized by wavelength

A

Wave

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5
Q

Is also a particle, which we call a photon

A

Light

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6
Q

Each photon contains an amount of energy that is called a

A

Quantum (plural quanta)

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7
Q

Pigments (3)

A
  1. Xanthophyll - yellow
  2. Phaeophytin a - gray-brown
  3. Phaeophytin b - yellow-brown
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8
Q

All _____ radiation is light, but we can only see a small portion of this radiation- the portion we call _____

A

electromagnetic; visible light

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9
Q

The reason that there are so many pigments is …

A

is that each absorbs light more efficiently in a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum

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10
Q

As objects grow hotter, they radiate energy dominated by

A

shorter wavelengths

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11
Q

For the 2 photosystems, chlorophyll ___ exist to assist the _______ by absorbing specific _________.

A

a&b; photosynthetic process; specific spectra of light energy

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12
Q

Chlorophyll-a absorbs the ______

A
  • violet blue-blue wavelengths of light
  • orange to far-red
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13
Q

violet blue-blue wavelengths of light (nm)?

A

390-450 nm
peak: 420 nm

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14
Q

orange to far-red nm

A

600-700nm
peak: 680 nm

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15
Q

Chlorophyll b absorbs

A

violet blue to green blue light
and yellow to red light

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16
Q

violet blue to green blue light nm

A

390-500 nm
peak 480nm

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17
Q

yellow to red light

A

600nm - 680nm
peak: 630 nm

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18
Q

plants still use the green and yellow spectra as there exist photopigments that turn green or yellow photons into blue and red photons through

A

excitation and emittance reactions

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19
Q

Blue light radiation wavelengths

A

400 and 500 nm

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20
Q

less efficient green or red photons , some of the energy is essentially lost compared to photosynthetic photons

A

Blue light

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21
Q

is a phytochemical that absorbs blue spectrum and initiates phototropism + sets a plants circadian rhythm

A

Cytochrome

22
Q

in combination with phytochrome and photoperiod

A

circadian rhythm

23
Q

allows energy to move from the site of initial absorbance to the reaction center

A

Resonance Energy Transfer

24
Q

Fastest chemical reactions

A

Photochemical reactions of photosynthesis

25
Q

Excited chlorophyll can re-emit a photon and thereby return to its ground state- a process known as

A

Fluorescence

26
Q

Large protein assemblies that enable Cynobacteria (blue-green algae) and red algae to harvest the green and yellow light that penetrates to their niche

A

Phycobilisomes

27
Q

Red Algae under the sea

A

Rhodophyta

28
Q

Pigments are chemically _____ which have a ____ at the center.

A

porphyrin molecules; metal ion

29
Q

The metal ion in hemoglobin is ___
in chlorophyll, it is ____

A

iron; magnesium

30
Q

Funnels energy into reaction centers

A

Accessory Pigments

31
Q

Photosystem I and ATP synthase are located in ____;
Photosystem II are located in ____

A

PSI - unstacked regions
PSII - stacked regions

32
Q

Thylakoid membranes regions:

A
  1. Stacked - Apressed
  2. Unstacked - nonappressed
33
Q

The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the

A

mesophyll of leaves

34
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A
  1. Photons hits chloropyll
  2. Photoionization
  3. Electrons Transfer
  4. Photolysis of Water
35
Q

Electrons are excited

A

Photoionization

36
Q

The Electron transfer in ETC is via ____ to _____

A

via protein complex (electron carrier) to PSII

37
Q

In Photolysis of Water, Light hits water and releasing ___ as byproduct and fill in ____ of the _____.

A

oxygen; electrons of the oxidised P680

38
Q

reaction centers

A

P680 (PSII)
P700 (PSI)

39
Q

(Light reaction) The ultimate source of the electrons is the _____, which is photolyzed to release ___, ___, ___, while the final destination is ____, which is thereby reduced to____

A

water molecule
electrons, protons and O2
NADP, which is thereby reduced to NADPH

40
Q

Photosystem II water oxidation

A

Oxygen-evolving complex

41
Q

What are free-radicals

A

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron that can damage cells but also play important roles in metabolism.

42
Q

Is a dimer having two plastoquinone binding sites facing each other- Catalyze the transfer of electron

A

Cytochrome b6f

43
Q

Light Reactions in Photosynthesis (PSI)

A

Photons hits PSI
Electron Transfer
Reduction of NADP

44
Q

The electron transfer in PSI occurs through the activity of an intermediate enzyme-

A

ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR)

45
Q

A multiprotein complex containing at least 11 polypeptide chains.
- Key players in the process of oxygenic photosynthesis.

A

Photosystem I

46
Q

PSI transfers electrons from the ___ across the photosynthetic membrane to the _____

A
  1. lumenal electron carriers, plastocynanin/ cytochrome b6
  2. stromal cytosolic electron carriers ferredoxin
47
Q

PSI (Production of NADPH)

A

Cyclic Electron Transport

47
Q

Proton gradient between the lumen of thylakoid and stroma is the result of

A
  1. Photolysis of water
  2. Transport of H+ from stroma to the lumen
  3. Utilization of H+ for reduction of NADP+ to NADPH
47
Q
  • PSI and ATP synthase are present in the outer membrane of the stacked lamellae and are exposed to stroma. This phenomenon is called
A

Lateral heterogeneity

47
Q

The process of pumping of photons across thylakoid membrane, creating H+ gradient which leads to ATP generation

A

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

48
Q

Lateral heterogeneity indicates that the photosystems which participate in transferring of electrons from H2O to NADP+ in the photosynthetic electron transport chain are

A

Spatially separated

49
Q

Spatial separation of photosystems prevents

A

Prevents light energy from being preferably transferred to PSI, and PSII also functions effectively

Physio lec (3 decks)

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