Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Chloroplast

A

A membrane-bound organelle in green plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis

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2
Q

Stroma

A

The protein-rich semiliquid material in the interior of a chloroplast

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3
Q

Thylakoids

A

A system of interconnected flattened membrane sacs forming a separate compartment within the storma of a chloroplast

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4
Q

Grana

A

Stacks of thylakoids

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5
Q

Lamellae

A

Groups of unstacked thylakoids between grana

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6
Q

Thylakoid membrane

A

The photosynthetic membrane within chloroplast that contains light-gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains

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7
Q

Thylakoid lumen

A

The fluid-filled space inside a thylakoid

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8
Q

Light-dependent reactions

A

The first set of reactions of photosynthesis in which light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules, powers chemiosmotic ATP systhesis, and results in the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH

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9
Q

NADP+

A

A compound that accepts on hydrogen atom and two electrons, forming NADPH; is an electron acceptor

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10
Q

NADPH

A

A compound that donates one hydrogen atom and two electrons to wither molecule, to reform NADP+; is an electron donor

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11
Q

Carbon fixation

A

The process of incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate molecules

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12
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

A cyclic set of reactions occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts that fixes the carbon of CO2 into carbohydrate molecules and recycled coenzymes

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13
Q

Light-independent reactions

A

The second set of reactions in photosynthesis (the Calvin cycle); these reactions do not require solar energy

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14
Q

Photosystem

A

A cluster of photosynthesis pigments embedded in a thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that absorbs light energy

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15
Q

Electron transport chain

A

A series of progressively stronger electron acceptors; each time an electron is transferred, energy is released

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16
Q

Photolysis

A

A chemical reactions in which a compound is broken down by light; in photosynthesis, water molecules are split by photysis