Photosynthesis and Respiration

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine 5’-triphosphate, or ATP, is the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. It is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell and can be compared to storing money in a bank.

Question 3

Autotroph

Answer 3

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Question 4

Cellular Respiration

Answer 4

Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

A chloroplast is an organelle within the cells of plants and certain algae that is the site of photosynthesis, which is the process by which energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy for growth.

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

The simple sugar that is the chief source of energy. Glucose is found in the blood and is the main sugar that the body manufactures. The body makes glucose from all three elements of food’protein, fats, and carbohydrates’but the largest amount of glucose derives from carbohydrates.

Question 7

Heterotroph

Answer 7

A heterotroph is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients. The term stems from the Greek words hetero for “other” and trophe for “nourishment.”

Question 8

Producer

Answer 8

An organism that produces (makes) its own food

Question 9

Monosaccharide

Answer 9

Monosaccharide, also called simple sugar, any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates.

Question 10

Polysaccharide

Answer 10

A carbohydrate (e.g. starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

Question 11

Starch

Answer 11

Starch, a white, granular, organic chemical that is produced by all green plants. Starch is a soft, white, tasteless powder that is insoluble in cold water, alcohol, or other solvents.