Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

• Carbon dioxide
• Water

Question 3

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

• Glucose
• Oxygen

Question 4

How is water transported to leaves in plants?

Answer 4

Water is transported to leaves in plants through the xylem using a process driven by transpiration pul. Water evaporates from the leaf surface (stomata), creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward from the roots.
Cohesion and adhesion: Water molecules stick together (cohesion) and to the walls of the xylem (adhesion), helping them move upward.

Question 5

What process causes water to follow through osmosis in plants?

Answer 5

primarily due to differences in solute concentration between the roots and the surrounding soil.

Question 6

What does the cohesion-tension theory explain?

Answer 6

The movement of water from roots to leaves occurring through xylem

Question 7

What accompanies the movement of water in plants?

Answer 7

Minerals and nutrients

Question 8

What creates a suction force in plants?

Answer 8

Evaporation of water molecules (transpirational pull)

Question 9

What are the two types of plants based on guard cell shape?

Answer 9

• Dicots: Kidney-shaped guard cells
• Monocots: Dumbbell-shaped guard cells

Question 10

Give an example of a dicot plant.

Answer 10

Spinach, deciduous trees, dandelions

Question 11

True or False: Monocots have kidney-shaped guard cells.

Answer 11

False. Monocots have dumbbell shaped cells

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The process of water moving through plants is called _______.

Answer 12

Transpiration

Question 13

What type of molecules require transport proteins for movement?

Answer 13

Larger, polar molecules / ions

These molecules cannot easily pass through the membrane without assistance.

Question 14

What type of molecules can transport more easily across membranes?

Answer 14

Smaller, nonpolar molecules

These molecules can diffuse through the membrane without needing transport proteins.

Question 15

What is the function of aquaporins?

Answer 15

They form a channel in specific membranes to allow the rapid movement of water across the membrane.

Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that facilitate water transport.

Question 16

What group of organelles do chloroplasts belong to?

Answer 16

Plastids

Plastids are a group of organelles that include chloroplasts, which are involved in photosynthesis.

Question 17

What do chloroplasts contain that allows them to absorb certain wavelengths of light?

Answer 17

Pigments

Pigments are compounds that absorb specific wavelengths of visible light, crucial for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Where are chloroplasts primarily located in a plant?

Answer 18

Palisade mesophyll layers

These layers are tightly packed and optimized for light absorption.

Question 19

What is the role of the spongy mesophyll layer in leaves?

Answer 19

Contains air spaces for gas exchange

This layer facilitates the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis.

Question 20

What is the smallest level of organization in the context of chloroplasts and pigments?

Answer 20

Chlorophyll a & b (pigments)

These pigments are essential for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.

Question 21

What is the relationship between wavelength and energy of light?

Answer 21

The longer the wavelength, the smaller the energy

This principle is critical in understanding how different light wavelengths affect photosynthesis.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Chloroplasts absorb light primarily in the range of _______.

Answer 22

These wavelengths correspond to the blue and red regions of the light spectrum.

Question 23

True or False: If a plant is not green, it cannot perform photosynthesis.

Answer 23

False

While green plants contain chlorophyll, other pigments can also facilitate photosynthesis.

Question 24

What are chloroplasts involved in?

Answer 24

Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 25

In light dependent reactions, what is generated?

Answer 25

High-energy molecules ## Footnote Light energy is used to generate high-energy molecules.

Question 26

What are the two products of light-dependent reactions?

Answer 26

ATP and NADPH ## Footnote ATP provides energy and NADPH provides reducing power.

Question 27

What enters the plant through stomata?

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) ## Footnote Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that facilitate gas exchange.

Question 28

How does water enter the plant?

Answer 28

Through roots and veins ## Footnote Water moves from the ground to the leaves via xylem tissue.

Question 29

What are stomata made of?

Answer 29

Guard cells ## Footnote Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores.

Question 30

What happens when guard cells are flaccid?

Answer 30

The stomatal pore closes ## Footnote Flaccid guard cells indicate low water content.

Question 31

What happens when guard cells are turgid?

Answer 31

The stomatal pore opens ## Footnote Turgid guard cells are full of water, allowing gas exchange.

Question 32

What is the structure of guard cells?

Answer 32

Thin outer wall and thick inner wall ## Footnote This structure helps regulate the opening and closing of the stomata.

Question 33

What are lenticels?

Answer 33

Porous openings that allow gas exchange ## Footnote Lenticels are found in the stems and roots of woody plants. Ex. Bark on Berch trees

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Water enters through _______.

Answer 34

roots ## Footnote Roots absorb water from the soil.

Question 35

What are stomata?

Answer 35

Small openings on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange ## Footnote Stomata are crucial for photosynthesis and respiration in plants.

Question 36

Where are most stomata located on a leaf?

Answer 36

At the bottom of the leaf ## Footnote This positioning helps to reduce water loss.

Question 37

What are the three main functions of stomata?

Answer 37

* Allow CO2 in * Allow O2 out * Allow water vapor out ## Footnote These functions are essential for plant respiration and photosynthesis.

Question 38

What triggers stomata to open?

Answer 38

* In response to light (during the day) * In response to temperature changes * Low levels of CO2 or sugar in the plant ## Footnote These triggers ensure that the plant can optimize gas exchange and photosynthesis.

Question 39

What are guard cells?

Answer 39

Cells that control the opening and closing of stomata ## Footnote Guard cells change shape based on turgor pressure to regulate stomatal openings.

Question 40

What is the relationship between turgidity and stomatal opening?

Answer 40

Turgid cells lead to open stomata; flaccid cells lead to closed stomata ## Footnote Turgidity is a measure of water pressure within cells.

Question 41

True or False: Stomata are only located on the underside of leaves.

Answer 41

False ## Footnote While most are found on the underside, some can also be present on the top.

Question 42

What are the 2 main cells in guard cells(allow opening and closing)

Answer 42

Flaccid cell- close stomatal pore (low in H2O) Turgid cell- open stomatal pore (high in H2O)

Question 43

Where does the light dependent reaction occur?

Answer 43

Within the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts