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Biology 20 > Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane in a cell?

A

Protective barrier, transport materials

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plants and bacteria?

A

Provides structure and support

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3
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell?

A

Suspends organelles, stores nutrients

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4
Q

How do organelles in cells divide according to their major functions?

A

Structure, control, storage, protein, fat, defense, energy

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5
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus in the cell?

A

Produce ribosomes

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6
Q

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

A

Directs cellular activities, contains DNA

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7
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER in cells?

A

Synthesizing proteins

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8
Q

What role do vacuoles play in plant cells?

A

Store water, maintain turgor pressure

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Packaging and transport of proteins

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10
Q

What is the function of nuclear membrane in cells?

A

Allow macromolecules to enter and ribosomes to leave

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11
Q

What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis?

A

Assemble proteins from amino acids

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12
Q

What is the purpose of nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane?

A

Allow macromolecules to enter and leave

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13
Q

Why are lysosomes sometimes called suicide sacs?

A

They burst to kill the cell if it malfunctions

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14
Q

What is the defining feature of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

A

Lacks membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane’s structure?

A

Contains cell contents

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the centrosome in cells?

A

Organize cell’s microtubules, assist in division

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18
Q

What model describes the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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19
Q

What does the Fluid Mosaic Model describe?

A

Structure of the cell membrane

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20
Q

What is the composition of a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Two layers of fats with phosphates

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21
Q

What do carrier proteins attach to and what is their function?

A

Larger molecules, deposit inside cell

22
Q

What happens to animal cells when they lose water to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

Appear shriveled, might die

23
Q

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

A

Water flows in, cell may burst

24
Q

What is a key characteristic of the cell membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A

Membrane is flexible

25
What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on a cell?
Water flows out, cell may shrink
26
What is the characteristic of semi-permeable membranes?
Allow some substances to pass through
27
What is the function of channel proteins in cell membranes?
Form tunnels for water-soluble molecules
28
What are the stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast called?
Grana
29
What is the function of chloroplasts in plants?
Convert sun's energy into glucose and water
29
What role do receptor proteins on the cell membrane play?
Important in cell communication
30
What is the primary role of mitochondria in cells?
Convert glucose into usable energy
31
What is the role of peroxisomes in cells?
Convert fatty acids to sugar, help in photosynthesis
32
What is tonicity in relation to cell biology?
Relative solute concentration outside vs. inside the cell
33
What is required for active transport against the concentration gradient?
Energy, ATP
33
What does a concentration gradient describe?
Movement of particles until equilibrium
34
What is the role of proteins in facilitated diffusion?
Help transport water-soluble substances
35
What process allows large molecules to enter a cell and what does it require?
Endocytosis, ATP
36
What is ATP's role in endocytosis?
Provides energy
37
What is the site of photosynthesis in cells?
Chloroplast
37
What process converts light into glucose and ATP?
Photosynthesis
37
What is pinocytosis?
Intake of small ECF droplets
38
What process allows cells to intake large molecules?
Endocytosis
39
What is the site of photosynthesis in cells?
Chloroplast
39
What is phagocytosis?
Intake of large ECF droplets
40
How do cells expel large waste products?
Exocytosis
41
What is receptor-assisted endocytosis?
Intake of specific molecules
41
What is the primary function of cellular respiration?
Release stored energy
42
What is the process called when electrons are lost?
Oxidation
43
What term describes the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction?
Reduction
43
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Absorbs light energy
44
Potential or power of another substance to "reduce" a substance
Reducing power

Biology 20 (1 decks)

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