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Biology 20 > Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane in a cell?

A

Protective barrier, transport materials

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plants and bacteria?

A

Provides structure and support

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3
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell?

A

Suspends organelles, stores nutrients

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4
Q

How do organelles in cells divide according to their major functions?

A

Structure, control, storage, protein, fat, defense, energy

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5
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus in the cell?

A

Produce ribosomes

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6
Q

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

A

Directs cellular activities, contains DNA

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7
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER in cells?

A

Synthesizing proteins

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8
Q

What role do vacuoles play in plant cells?

A

Store water, maintain turgor pressure

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Packaging and transport of proteins

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10
Q

What is the function of nuclear membrane in cells?

A

Allow macromolecules to enter and ribosomes to leave

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11
Q

What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis?

A

Assemble proteins from amino acids

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12
Q

What is the purpose of nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane?

A

Allow macromolecules to enter and leave

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13
Q

Why are lysosomes sometimes called suicide sacs?

A

They burst to kill the cell if it malfunctions

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14
Q

What is the defining feature of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

A

Lacks membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane’s structure?

A

Contains cell contents

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the centrosome in cells?

A

Organize cell’s microtubules, assist in division

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18
Q

What model describes the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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19
Q

What does the Fluid Mosaic Model describe?

A

Structure of the cell membrane

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20
Q

What is the composition of a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Two layers of fats with phosphates

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21
Q

What do carrier proteins attach to and what is their function?

A

Larger molecules, deposit inside cell

22
Q

What happens to animal cells when they lose water to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

Appear shriveled, might die

23
Q

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

A

Water flows in, cell may burst

24
Q

What is a key characteristic of the cell membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A

Membrane is flexible

25
Q

What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on a cell?

A

Water flows out, cell may shrink

26
Q

What is the characteristic of semi-permeable membranes?

A

Allow some substances to pass through

27
Q

What is the function of channel proteins in cell membranes?

A

Form tunnels for water-soluble molecules

28
Q

What are the stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast called?

A

Grana

29
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts in plants?

A

Convert sun’s energy into glucose and water

29
Q

What role do receptor proteins on the cell membrane play?

A

Important in cell communication

30
Q

What is the primary role of mitochondria in cells?

A

Convert glucose into usable energy

31
Q

What is the role of peroxisomes in cells?

A

Convert fatty acids to sugar, help in photosynthesis

32
Q

What is tonicity in relation to cell biology?

A

Relative solute concentration outside vs. inside the cell

33
Q

What is required for active transport against the concentration gradient?

A

Energy, ATP

33
Q

What does a concentration gradient describe?

A

Movement of particles until equilibrium

34
Q

What is the role of proteins in facilitated diffusion?

A

Help transport water-soluble substances

35
Q

What process allows large molecules to enter a cell and what does it require?

A

Endocytosis, ATP

36
Q

What is ATP’s role in endocytosis?

A

Provides energy

37
Q

What is the site of photosynthesis in cells?

A

Chloroplast

37
Q

What process converts light into glucose and ATP?

A

Photosynthesis

37
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Intake of small ECF droplets

38
Q

What process allows cells to intake large molecules?

A

Endocytosis

39
Q

What is the site of photosynthesis in cells?

A

Chloroplast

39
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Intake of large ECF droplets

40
Q

How do cells expel large waste products?

A

Exocytosis

41
Q

What is receptor-assisted endocytosis?

A

Intake of specific molecules

41
Q

What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

A

Release stored energy

42
Q

What is the process called when electrons are lost?

A

Oxidation

43
Q

What term describes the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction?

A

Reduction

43
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

A

Absorbs light energy

44
Q

Potential or power of another substance to “reduce” a substance

A

Reducing power

Biology 20 (1 decks)

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