Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
It is the process where plants transform light energy into chemical energy, and it includes the conversion of inorganic matter through the energy provided by sunlight,
Photosynthesis
It is the actual site of photosynthesis which is a double membrane-bound organelle and has outer and inner membranes.
Chloroplast
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
(1) Light-dependent reactions
(2) The Calvin Cycle
It is where the light-dependent reactions occur.
Thylakoids
It is where the Calvin Cycle occurs.
Stroma
These are stacks of circular-shaped membranes filled with chlorophyll and enzymes where the light reaction takes place.
Thylakoids
It is the stack of thylakoids.
Granum
What is the plural of Granum?
Grana
It is the fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast, where it is the enzymes needed in the Calvin Cycle.
Stroma
It is the pigment that gives plants their green color and helps in the process of photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll
What is the most absorbed color in plants?
Blue
What is the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Carbon Dioxide) + (Water) —> (Glucose / Energy) + (Oxygen)
(—> = Sunlight)
It is a chemical cofactor that the cells use to carry out various redox reactions.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
What are the two products of light-dependent reactions?
(1) ATP
(2) NADPH
What do the light-dependent reactions need to produce ATP and NADPH?
Sunlight and water
What are the two reactants in photosynthesis?
(1) 6CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
(2) 6H20 = Water
What are the two products of photosynthesis?
(1) C6H12O6 = Glucose
(2) 6O2 = Oxygen
It uses the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ATP and NADPH from light reactions to make sugars.
The Calvin Cycle
ATP stands for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
NADPH stands for?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
RuBisCO stands for?
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Oxygenase
NAD stands for?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADH stands for?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen
FADH2 stands for?
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
ADP stands for?
Adenosine Diphosphate
It is the electron transport in photosynthesis.
Z-scheme
It is an important complex present and are light-harvesting complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
Photosystem
What are the three pigments in the photosystem?
(1) Chlorophyll a
(2) Chlorophyll b
(3) Carotenoid
It is a spot where electrons will then bounce in photosystem II.
Reaction center
It is a process where water splits, thereby creating electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions.
Photolysis
It is an alternative route for the excited electrons.
Cyclic Pathway
It is a process when the ATP that is released as electrons pass through the ETC
Photophosphorylation
It is a situation when the driving force that enables the process to occur, is the movement of ions through a membrane down their electrochemical gradient.
Chemiosmosis
What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?
(1) Carbon fixation
(2) Reduction
(3) Regeneration of Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)
It is a four-carbon molecule that is formed once the PEP combines with carbon dioxide.
Oxaloacetate
What are the four stages of photosynthesis in harnessing sunlight (light-dependent reactions)?
(1) Light Capture
(2) ATP Generation
(3) NADPH Production
(4) Oxygen Release
It is the pigments like chlorophyll that absorb light.
Light Capture
It is the released electrons that create a flow that drives ATP synthesis.
ATP Generation
It is another stream of electrons that generate NADPH.
NADPH Production
It is a water molecule that splits and releases oxygen.
Oxygen Release
What are the four stages of photosynthesis in transforming energy (Calvin cycle)
(1) CO2 Capture
(2) Sugar Formation
(3) RuBisCO Regeneration
(4) Readying for new cycles
It is the enzyme when RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide into organic compounds in the Calvin Cycle.
CO2 Capture
It is the result of molecules that convert into sugars, utilizing ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent phase.
Sugar Formation
It is the molecules enabling CO2 capture to regenerate.
RuBisCO Regeneration
It is a cycle that persists, creating sugars and regenerating molecules for CO2 fixation.
Readying for new cycles
What are the four photosynthetic organisms?
(1) Microalgae
(2) Plants
(3) Macroalgae
(4) Bacteria
What are the three importance of photosynthesis?
(1) Vital energy source
(2) Oxygen production
(3) Climate regulation
It is a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce ATP.
Cellular Respiration
It is an organic compound the body can use for energy.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
It is where the cellular respiration takes place.
Mitochondria
It is a double membrane organelle and the powerhouse of the cell.
Mitochondria
It is the inner membrane when the characteristic wrinkled internal appearance due to the folds.
Cristae
It is the spaces between the inner membrane and is filled with a gel-like material.
Matrix
What is the chemical balanced equation of cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What are the three stages of Cellular Respiration?
(1) Glycolysis
(2) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
(3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
It is the first stage of cellular respiration which takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen (anaerobic).
Glycolysis
It occurs in the mitochondria, and it is aerobic, requiring oxygen.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
It takes place in the inner
mitochondrial membrane
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
What is the goal of cellular respiration?
The goal of cellular respiration is to generate ATP needed by the cells to carry out various functions necessary for life.
What are the two ways to make ATP?
(1) Substrate Level Phosphorylation
(2) Electron Transport Phosphorylation
It is when a substrate donates a phosphate to ADP to become ATP.
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
It is when the electron is transferred from one energy level to another.
Electron Transport Phosphorylation
It is the term used when oxygen is required.
Aerobic Respiration
It is the term used when oxygen is not required.
Anaerobic Respiration
It is the breaking down of sugar molecules into simpler compounds to produce substances that can be used in making chemical energy.
Fermentation
