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Second Monthly Examination - Science > Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process where plants transform light energy into chemical energy, and it includes the conversion of inorganic matter through the energy provided by sunlight,

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

It is the actual site of photosynthesis which is a double membrane-bound organelle and has outer and inner membranes.

A

Chloroplast

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3
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

(1) Light-dependent reactions
(2) The Calvin Cycle

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4
Q

It is where the light-dependent reactions occur.

A

Thylakoids

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5
Q

It is where the Calvin Cycle occurs.

A

Stroma

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6
Q

These are stacks of circular-shaped membranes filled with chlorophyll and enzymes where the light reaction takes place.

A

Thylakoids

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7
Q

It is the stack of thylakoids.

A

Granum

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8
Q

What is the plural of Granum?

A

Grana

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9
Q

It is the fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast, where it is the enzymes needed in the Calvin Cycle.

A

Stroma

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10
Q

It is the pigment that gives plants their green color and helps in the process of photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

What is the most absorbed color in plants?

A

Blue

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12
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Carbon Dioxide) + (Water) —> (Glucose / Energy) + (Oxygen)
(—> = Sunlight)

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13
Q

It is a chemical cofactor that the cells use to carry out various redox reactions.

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

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14
Q

What are the two products of light-dependent reactions?

A

(1) ATP
(2) NADPH

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15
Q

What do the light-dependent reactions need to produce ATP and NADPH?

A

Sunlight and water

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16
Q

What are the two reactants in photosynthesis?

A

(1) 6CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
(2) 6H20 = Water

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17
Q

What are the two products of photosynthesis?

A

(1) C6H12O6 = Glucose
(2) 6O2 = Oxygen

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18
Q

It uses the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ATP and NADPH from light reactions to make sugars.

A

The Calvin Cycle

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19
Q

ATP stands for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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20
Q

NADPH stands for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

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21
Q

RuBisCO stands for?

A

Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Oxygenase

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22
Q

NAD stands for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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23
Q

NADH stands for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen

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24
Q

FADH2 stands for?

A

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

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25
Q

ADP stands for?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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26
Q

It is the electron transport in photosynthesis.

A

Z-scheme

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27
Q

It is an important complex present and are light-harvesting complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

A

Photosystem

28
Q

What are the three pigments in the photosystem?

A

(1) Chlorophyll a
(2) Chlorophyll b
(3) Carotenoid

29
Q

It is a spot where electrons will then bounce in photosystem II.

A

Reaction center

30
Q

It is a process where water splits, thereby creating electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions.

A

Photolysis

31
Q

It is an alternative route for the excited electrons.

A

Cyclic Pathway

32
Q

It is a process when the ATP that is released as electrons pass through the ETC

A

Photophosphorylation

33
Q

It is a situation when the driving force that enables the process to occur, is the movement of ions through a membrane down their electrochemical gradient.

A

Chemiosmosis

34
Q

What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?

A

(1) Carbon fixation
(2) Reduction
(3) Regeneration of Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)

35
Q

It is a four-carbon molecule that is formed once the PEP combines with carbon dioxide.

A

Oxaloacetate

36
Q

What are the four stages of photosynthesis in harnessing sunlight (light-dependent reactions)?

A

(1) Light Capture
(2) ATP Generation
(3) NADPH Production
(4) Oxygen Release

37
Q

It is the pigments like chlorophyll that absorb light.

A

Light Capture

38
Q

It is the released electrons that create a flow that drives ATP synthesis.

A

ATP Generation

39
Q

It is another stream of electrons that generate NADPH.

A

NADPH Production

40
Q

It is a water molecule that splits and releases oxygen.

A

Oxygen Release

41
Q

What are the four stages of photosynthesis in transforming energy (Calvin cycle)

A

(1) CO2 Capture
(2) Sugar Formation
(3) RuBisCO Regeneration
(4) Readying for new cycles

42
Q

It is the enzyme when RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide into organic compounds in the Calvin Cycle.

A

CO2 Capture

43
Q

It is the result of molecules that convert into sugars, utilizing ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent phase.

A

Sugar Formation

44
Q

It is the molecules enabling CO2 capture to regenerate.

A

RuBisCO Regeneration

45
Q

It is a cycle that persists, creating sugars and regenerating molecules for CO2 fixation.

A

Readying for new cycles

46
Q

What are the four photosynthetic organisms?

A

(1) Microalgae
(2) Plants
(3) Macroalgae
(4) Bacteria

47
Q

What are the three importance of photosynthesis?

A

(1) Vital energy source
(2) Oxygen production
(3) Climate regulation

48
Q

It is a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce ATP.

A

Cellular Respiration

49
Q

It is an organic compound the body can use for energy.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

50
Q

It is where the cellular respiration takes place.

A

Mitochondria

51
Q

It is a double membrane organelle and the powerhouse of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

It is the inner membrane when the characteristic wrinkled internal appearance due to the folds.

A

Cristae

53
Q

It is the spaces between the inner membrane and is filled with a gel-like material.

A

Matrix

54
Q

What is the chemical balanced equation of cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

55
Q

What are the three stages of Cellular Respiration?

A

(1) Glycolysis
(2) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
(3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

56
Q

It is the first stage of cellular respiration which takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen (anaerobic).

A

Glycolysis

57
Q

It occurs in the mitochondria, and it is aerobic, requiring oxygen.

A

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

58
Q

It takes place in the inner
mitochondrial membrane

A

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

59
Q

What is the goal of cellular respiration?

A

The goal of cellular respiration is to generate ATP needed by the cells to carry out various functions necessary for life.

60
Q

What are the two ways to make ATP?

A

(1) Substrate Level Phosphorylation
(2) Electron Transport Phosphorylation

61
Q

It is when a substrate donates a phosphate to ADP to become ATP.

A

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

62
Q

It is when the electron is transferred from one energy level to another.

A

Electron Transport Phosphorylation

63
Q

It is the term used when oxygen is required.

A

Aerobic Respiration

64
Q

It is the term used when oxygen is not required.

A

Anaerobic Respiration

65
Q

It is the breaking down of sugar molecules into simpler compounds to produce substances that can be used in making chemical energy.

A

Fermentation

Second Monthly Examination - Science (2 decks)

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