Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Photosynthesis:
The process in which photoautotrophs use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and chemical potential energy in the form of carbohydrates.
Oxidation:
The process in which an atom or a compound loses an electron and is oxidized.
Reduction:
The process in which an atom or compound gains an electron and is reduced.
OIL RIG:
Oxidation is a loss, reduction is a gain.
Redox reactions:
Oxidation or reduction.
Oxidation and reduction occur ______________, so in a redox reaction, an electron transfer occurs in which one entity is oxidized and another entity is reduced.
simultaneously
Reducing power:
All compounds contain more energy in their reduced form.
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form _______ and water is oxidized to form ______.
glucose, oxygen
Chloroplast:
The site of photosynthesis; there are up to 200 chloroplasts in a single photosynthetic cell.
What are the membrane layers of a chloroplast from outside to inside?
The outer membrane, intermembrane space, and inner membrane.
What are the disks in a chloroplast called individually and then as a stack?
Thylakoid, granum.
What do granums float in?
Stroma.
What is inside of an individual thylakoid?
Thylakoid lumen.
Pigments:
Absorb the solar energy required for photosynthesis.
Photosystems:
Pigments are located in clusters called photosystems in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
Where are pigments found?
In the thylakoid membrane
Chlorophyll:
The primary pigment in photosynthetic organisms.
Chlorophyll a:
All photosynthetic organisms contain the chlorophyll a pigment, which absorbs red and blue wavelengths of light and reflects green wavelengths of light.
Chlorophyll b:
All plants and green, algae contain the chlorophyll b pigment, which absorbs red-blue wavelengths of light and reflects green wavelengths of light.
Accessory pigments:
Photosynthetic organisms also contain accessory pigments such as xanthophylls and carotenoids.
Beta-carotene:
Beta-carotene is an accessory pigment that absorbs violet and blue-green wavelengths of light and reflects yellow, orange and red wavelengths of light.
Aerobic cellular respiration:
The process in which glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP. Glucose is oxidized to form carbon dioxide and oxygen is reduced to form water.
The _____________ is the site of many processes involved in aerobic cellular respiration
mitochondrion
Glycolysis:
An anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells.
