Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is the composition of the thylakoid membrane?

Answer 1

40% galactose
10% phospholipid
4% sulpholipid

Question 2

What is the genome of the chloroplast?

Answer 2

Circular, single start site of replication and the genes are arranged in operons

Question 3

What is the thylakoid membrane that faces the stroma called?

Answer 3

Non-apressed region

Question 4

What are chlorophylls?

Answer 4

Cyclic tetrapyrrole derivatives containing porphyrin and a hydrophobic tail

Question 5

Which wavelengths do chlorophyll a and b absorb?

Answer 5

400-500nm and 650-700nm retrospectively

Question 6

What are carotenoids?

Answer 6

Linear polyenes

Question 7

What wavelength does carotenoid absorb?

Answer 7

460-550nm.

Question 8

What do antenna complexes do?

Answer 8

Collect light and transfer the energy to the reaction center complex

Question 9

What is the Enhancement effect?

Answer 9

The rate of photosynthesis from the sum of red and far-red light is much greater than the rate individually.

Question 10

Which type of light for PSI preferentially absorb?

Answer 10

Far-red light

Question 11

What is PSII called?

Answer 11

The P680 reaction center.

Question 12

What is pheophytin?

Answer 12

A modified Chl without any Mg2+

Question 13

Where is PSII located?

Answer 13

In the appressed region of the grana

Question 14

What does PSI do?

Answer 14

Oxidises water and reduces plastoquinone

Question 15

What is the Cyt b6-f complex?

Answer 15

4 polypeptides, a multiprotein complex of heme and sulphur proteins

Question 16

What does the cyt b6-f complex do?

Answer 16

Oxidises plastoquinone and reduces plastocyanin

Question 17

What is PSI called?

Answer 17

The P700 reaction center

Question 18

Where is PSI located?

Answer 18

The un-appressed region

Question 19

What does PSI do?

Answer 19

Oxidises plastocyanin and reduces ferredoxin

Question 20

What is plastocyanin?

Answer 20

A copper containing compound

Question 21

What is ferredoxin?

Answer 21

A soluble protein with a 2Fe-2S cllister coordinated to 4 cysteine residues

Question 22

What is DMCU?

Answer 22

A herbicide which acts as a quinone receptor of PSII

Question 23

What is paraquat?

Answer 23

A herbicide which accepts electrons from PSI to generate toxic superoxide anions

Question 24

What is sucrose produced from?

Answer 24

Triose phosphate, transported to the cytosol where it is converted to fructose 6-P which reacts with UDP-glucose to produce sucrose

Question 25

What is the phosphate/triose phosphate translocator?

Answer 25

A strict antiporter

Question 26

How many subunits does RuBisCo have?

Answer 26

16

Question 27

How many molecules of BuBp does RuBisCo oxidise per second?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

What are the stomal concentrations of CO2 and O2?

Answer 28

10um and 250um

Question 29

What is produced by RuBisCo if it oxygenates RuBp?

Answer 29

2-phosphoglycolate instead of 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 30

Which organelles must the carbon pass through to regain 75% during photorespiration?

Answer 30

The chloroplast, the peroxisome and the mitochondria and then reverse.

Question 31

By which processes are malate and aspartate produced by respectively?

Answer 31

Reduction and transamination of oxaloacetate by PEP.

Question 32

What are the decarboxylating enzyme and the C3 acid returned from malate transport?

Answer 32

NADP-dependent malic enzyme and pyruvate

Question 33

What are the decarboxylating enzyme and the C3 acid returned from aspartate 1 and 2 transport?

Answer 33

NAD-dependent malic enzyme and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
Alanin and alanine/pyruvate

Question 34

What occurs during the day in CAM?

Answer 34

De-carboxylation using NADP malic acid

Question 35

What occurs during the night in CAM?

Answer 35

CO2 fixation by PEP carboxylase

Question 36

What does FACE stand for?

Answer 36

Free aid CO2 enrichment