Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

Answer 1

To enable plants to obtain glucose for cellular respiration. I.e. Essentially gives them energy

Question 2

Is photosynthesis a catabolic or anabolic reaction?

Answer 2

Anabolic

Question 3

What occurs during photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Sunlight is converted into chemical energy

Question 4

What are thylakoids?

Answer 4

The flattened individual sacks in chloroplasts

Question 5

What are Grana?

Answer 5

Stacks of thylakoids

Question 6

What is the stroma?

Answer 6

The fluid in chloroplasts

Question 7

What similarities are there between mitochondria and bacteria?

Answer 7

Double membrane
Genetic material
Similarities in DNA and ribosome structure

Question 8

What is the theorised cause of mitochondria resembling prokaryotic cells?

Answer 8

A large eukaryotic cell engulfed a small photosynthetic prokaryotic cell in a vesicle and instead of digesting it, it used it to produce energy

Question 9

What is the full reaction of photosynthesis?

Answer 9

12 water + 6 carbon dioxide ->1 glucose + 6 oxygen + 6 water

Note- light is also an input

Question 10

What occurs during the light dependent stage?

Answer 10

Light energy is absorbed so it can be used for the next stage

Question 11

Where does the light dependent stage take place?

Answer 11

In the thylakoid membranes

Question 12

What does the light energy do in the first stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 12

It splits the water molecules and produces the energy molecules ATP and NADPH which are then used in the next stage

Question 13

What are the inputs of the light dependent stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Water, NADP+, ADP, Pi, light

Question 14

What are the outputs of the light dependant stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Oxygen, NADPH, ATP

Question 15

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Answer 15

In the stroma

Question 16

What occurs during the light independent stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide is converted into glucose by using the energy produced in the light dependent stage

Question 17

How is the Calvin cycle different from the light dependent stage?

Answer 17

It is not directly dependent on light

Question 18

What are the inputs of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 18

NADPH, ATP, water and carbon dioxide

Question 19

What are the outputs of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 19

Water, glucose, NADP+, ADP, Pi

Question 20

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 20

6 carbon dioxide + 6 water -> 1 glucose + 6 oxygen

Question 21

What is the formula for glucose?

Answer 21

C(6)H(12)O(6)

Question 22

What factors cause a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis and when do these factors occur?

Answer 22

Low levels of carbon dioxide - from closed stomata
Minimal light - plant located in shady area or weather
Low temps - location of the plant

Question 23

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 23

Rate increase as temp increases, but as enzymes are involved in the process the rate will irreversibly start to drop off as temp reaches a point where it begins to denature the enzymes

Question 24

How does carbon dioxide levels affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Rate will increase as CO(2) increases, but will reach a saturation point where adding more will have no effect on rate as the plant cannot undergo photosynthesis any faster

Question 25

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Rate increase as light intensity increases, until a saturation point is reached where the plant can’t photosynthesise any faster