Photosynthesis Flashcards
photosynthesis
method of converting solar energy into chemical energy stored in a carbohydrate
All life depends on what chemical reaction
C6H12C6( glucose formula)
Any living organism with chloroplasts can produce what
oxygen which comes from plants as waste
What does chemical energy do for humans & comes from where
Natural gas formed from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago, provide heat and electricity
Autotrophs
An organism that is ABLE to make its own food
photoautotrophs
use sun energy to make organic compounds (like glucose) from light
chemoautotrophs
use chemical energy (like hydrogen sulfide or methane) to make organic compounds
chloroplasts
carbohydrate factories that use solar energy to form glucose which is used or converted into other forms
synthesis reaction that requires energy
6CO2 (g) + 6H2O+ E - C6H 12O6 (s) + 6O2(g)
Electromagnetic spectrum
low-high
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible energy (ROYGBIV), ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma
pigment
chemical that absorbs light energy & gives an object its color
Chlorophyll
found in most plants, does not absorb green light but reflects it
Chlorophyll A
most abundant and most important in photosynthesis (bluish green pigment)
Chlorophyll B
yellowish green pigment
Chlorophyll C
found in brown algae
Chlorophyll D
found in red algae
Stack of pancakes
Grana
Chocolate chips
chlorophyll
pancake
thylakoid
syrup
stroma
links
lamellae
outer membrane of chloroplast
separates the chloroplast from the rest of the cell
inner membrane chloroplast
regulates the diffusion of necessary materials in & out of the chloroplast (H2O, CO2, O2) and increases the amount of surface area for more photosynthesis
Leaf function & structure
most photosynthesis occurs, stomata on bottom due to sunlight
stomata
serve as channels and allow gases to diffuse in & out of leaf and allow water to pass
Why do leaves change color in autumn
they contain pigments carotene and xanthophyll(yellow) and when sun isn’t as intense, the chlorophyll doesn’t mask the other pigments and begins to break down, allowing other pigments to show
Energy carrier
ATP (ADP+E+P)
Electron carriers
NADHP & FADH
how many glucose molecules can be produced during photosynthesis each second?
thousands
The light Reaction
-Light dependant
-takes place in grana +requires light + chlorophyll
Glycolysis
series of reactions in the cytoplasm which breaks 6C glucose into 3C pyruvate, and makes ATP and NADHP to be used in e-transport chain
Kreb Cycle
breaks pyruvate down further in the mitochondria, produces electron carriers NADPH + FADH2, + releases CO2 as a waste product
Electron transport train
uses O2 as final e- acceptor to produce ATP + release water as a waste product
Fermentation
“anaerobic cellular respiration”, part degreation of glucose when O2 not present, allows lactic acid to happen due to glycolysis continuing, forms 2 ATP
heterotrophs
unable to produce their own food bc lacking chloropyll, takes in energy through outside sources
Cellular Respiration
process eukaryotes use to break down carbohydrates + carbon molecules to make ATP when O2 is present
How do we maintain our body temp?
as we digest food + break bonds, some E is used for work and some is released as heat
Plants undergo both:
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration
Chemical reaction for Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + E–C6H12O6+ 6O2
Chemical Reaction for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + CO6 – 6CO2 + 6H2O –E
why do plants close their stomata
to prevent water loss when conditions are hot or dry
C3 plants
go through Calvin cycle 3 times + produce half glucose
C4 plants
go through Calvin Cycle 4 times + produce C4 molecules to release in a leaf for use of stomata, allows plants to grow in intense conditions
