Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

How would you draw and label a chloroplast

A

Should include double membrane, stroma, thylakoids, grana and intergranal lamellae. May include circular DNA, 70s ribosomes and starch granules

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2
Q

How do you calculate the Rf value in chromatography?

A

Rf value = distance traveled by pigment / distance traveled by solvent

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3
Q

Why is it important to use the correct solvent in chromatography?

A

Different pigments have different solubility

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4
Q

Why is it important to use the same type of paper in chromatography?

A

Different papers have different properties of adhesion

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5
Q

Name four photosynthetic pigments

A

chlorophylls a and b, beta carotene and xanthophylls

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6
Q

What does an absorption spectrum show?

A

It is a graph showing degree of absorption of different wavelengths of light by an individual pigment

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7
Q

What does an action spectrum show?

A

A graph showing the degree to which different wavelengths affect the rate of photosynthesis

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8
Q

Why do plants contain multiple photosynthetic pigments?

A

This allows them to absorb a wider range of wavelengths

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9
Q

Describe the structure of a photosystem

A

An antenna complex containing accessory pigments, a reaction centre containing the primary pigment (chlorophyll a)

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10
Q

What is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

ATP

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11
Q

Which photosystems are involved in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

Photosystem 1 only

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12
Q

What is chemiosmosis

A

A flow of protons across membranes down a concentration gradient through the enzyme ATP synthase located in the stalked particles.

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13
Q

What is produced by non cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

ATP, NADPH, O2

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14
Q

Which photosystems are involved in non cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

Photosystem 1 and 2

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15
Q

How does photosynthesis produce O2?

A

In photolysis, water molecules dissociate into hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen gas. The electrons replace those lost from PS2

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16
Q

Where do protons travel from and to in the light dependent reactions?

A

They are pumped against their concentration gradient from the stroma into the thylakoid space using energy from the electrons travelling down the ETC. They diffuse down their concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase

17
Q

Where do the light independent reactions occur?

A

The stroma of the chloroplast

18
Q

Which enzyme fixes CO2?

A

RUBISCO ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

19
Q

Put these molecules in the calvin cycle in order: GP RuBP TP

A

RuBP GP TP

20
Q

How is GP converted into TP?

A

It is reduced by NADPH and energy is provided by ATP

21
Q

How many TP leave the calvin cycle to become glucose?

A

One in every six

22
Q

Which factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Temperature, CO2 concentration, Light intensity. Also levels of magnesium and nitrate