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BIOLOGY 20 IB: UNIT C > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Converts solar energy into chemical energy. This process allows photo-autotrophs to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic

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2
Q

Light (Short vs Long Wavelength)

A

Travels in waves called photons

Short wavelength- High Energy
Long wavelength- Low energy

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3
Q

What light do plants use?

A

Plants use white light (mixture of all colours of visible light)

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4
Q

Chlorophyll (Absorption/Action Spectrum)

A

Chlorophyll absorbs photons

Chart: Peaks at blue and red wavelengths meaning that they are most absorbed and maximum photosynthesis occurs in red and blue light. Line in graph dips at green wavelength meaning that green light is reflected and not absorbed hence the green colour of plants (photosynthesis is slowest in green light)

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5
Q

Stroma

A

Gel like enzyme rich substance filling chloroplast

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6
Q

Thylakoid

A

Pouch like structure containing chlorophyll

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7
Q

Granum

A

Stacks of thylakoid discs

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8
Q

Lamella

A

Unstacked thylakoids connecting adjacent grana

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9
Q

Products of Photosynthesis: ATP

A

Provides an immediate source of energy for cellular processes

ATP= ADP + P + Energy

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10
Q

Products of Photosynthesis: NADPH

A

Involved during energy transfer

NADP+ accepts 1 H+ ion and 2 e- to form NADPH (Its an electron donor so it becomes NADP+ again)

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11
Q

Products of photosynthesis: Glucose

A

Transport molecule with medium term energy storage bonds

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12
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 1

A

Photo excitation (PSII)- Photon from sun strikes chlorophyll in PSII. Electron gains energy and gets excited causing it to leave PSII and travel towards PSI via ETC

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13
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 2

A

Electron transport chain- Electron moves through proteins in ETC and release energy (potential energy decreases). This attracts H+ into thylakoid

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14
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 3

A

Photolysis- Light breaks down water molecule into hydrogen oxygen and an electron

2H2O + solar energy = 4H+ + 4e- + O2: 2 water needed for a whole oxygen

Oxygen gets released into air
Electron replaces missing one in PSII
Hydrogen continues to build up

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15
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 4

A

Chemiosmosis- Process of making ATP using energy from H+ concentration gradient (REDOX)

ATP Synthesis Complex- protein complex embedded in thylakoid that allow H+ to escape from lumen and uses resulting energy to generate ATP

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16
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 5

A

Reduction (ADP-ATP)- Occurs after H+ passes through ATP synthase

ADP + P= ATP (Phosphorylation)

17
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 6

A

ETC (PSI- Stroma)- Once e- in PSI absorbs a lot of energy via photo-excitation it leaves PSI and goes towards stroma (e- that left PSII replaces it)

18
Q

Light Dependent Reaction Step 7

A

Reduction (NADP- NADPH)- NADP is reduced and NADPH is oxidized (used in Calvin cycle)

OIL RIG- Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain (electrons)

NADP +H+ +2e-= NADPH

19
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

Does not require REQUIRE energy from sun
Occurs in stroma
Does not make glucose it makes G3P

20
Q

Calvin Cycle Step 1

A

Carbon Fixation- Uses the enzyme Rubisco to convert CO2 into organic componds

CO2 + RuBP= 6 carbon= 3- PGA + 3-PGA (occurs 3 times= 3 CO2)
Rubisco breaks the 6 unstable carbon into 2 3-PGA

21
Q

Calvin Cycle Step 2

A

Activation and Reduction- Requires 6 ATP and NADPH (obtained from light dependent)

3PGA+ATP=active 3PGA + NADPH=G3P (occurs 6 times)

ATP activates 3-PGA and NADPH donates electron to reduce the 3 carbon intermediate to make G3P

22
Q

Calvin Cycle Step 3

A

Replacement of RuBP- It takes 3 RuBP to make 6 G3P but it takes 5 G3P to make 3 RuBP so only one G3P leaves the cycle (cost 9 ATP and 6 NADPH)

Regeneration of RuBP makes 1/2 a glucose (3 ATP and 2 NADPH consumed for every 1 CO2. Carbon fixation used 3 CO2 meaning 9 ATP and 6 NADPH are used but this only makes 1/2 of a glucose so 18 ATP and 12 NADPH are needed to make 1 glucose)

23
Q

Limiting Factor: Temperature

A

High temp= collision between Rubisco, RuBP and CO2 until enzyme de-natures

24
Q

Limiting Factor: Light Intensity

A

Light increase= Chlorophyll becomes more activated until it’s all activated and reaches a plateau

25
Q

Limiting Factor: CO2

A

High CO2= Increase in carbon compounds made (increases photosynthesis) until plateau when all rubisco molecules are used

BIOLOGY 20 IB: UNIT C (1 decks)

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