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BIO 331 FINAL > PHOTOSYNTHESIS > Flashcards

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Flashcards

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1
Q

Chlorophyll biosynthesis

A

Protoporphyrin IX: a precursor of
Mg-containing chlorophyll and Fe-containing heme

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2
Q

Photo excitation outcomes

A

Heat
Thermal dissipation: converting excitation energy to heat
Chlorophylls return to ground state
Fluorescence: immediate reemission of energy as a long wavelength
Energy transfer: excited pigment molecule (e.g. chlorophyll) transfers it energy to another molecule
Photochemistry: energy of the excited state triggers a
chemical reaction and becomes an e- donor. Linkage of the excited e-donor to a proper e-acceptor.Transduction of chemical energy

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3
Q

Energy transfer

A

Pure physical phenomenon
No chemical changes
Resonance energy transfer: energy is
transferred from pigment to pigment by
resonance until it reaches the reaction
center pigment

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4
Q

light-harvesting complex

A

pigments molecules bounded to proteins

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5
Q

reaction center

A

special pair of chlorphyll a
electron acceptor

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6
Q

PSII and PSI

A

thylakoid membranes
electron transport chain connects

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7
Q

P680+

A

PSII
strong oxidant
pull electrons from H20

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8
Q

p700

A

PSI
strong reductant
donates electrons to NADP+

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9
Q

Z-scheme

A

cooperation of PSII and PSI in the transfer of electrons from water to NADP+

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10
Q

PC

A

small protein and mobile electron carrier

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11
Q

PQ

A

small molecule and mobile electron carrier

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12
Q

LCHII complex

A

PSII
oxygen-evolving complex on PSII luminal surface

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13
Q

transfer of electrons

A

from H2O to NADPH

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14
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

ATP synthesis
chloroplast (thylakoid space)
energy: light
Electron: H2O
Direction of proton pumping –into the thylakoid space of the chloroplasts
-Movement of protons during ATP synthesis –out of the thylakoid space in photosynthesis

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15
Q

Linear electron transport

A

H2O to NADPH
involved PSII, cyc b6f, PSI
product: NADPH and ATP

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16
Q

Cyclic electron transport

A

electrons cycle (no net production)
involves cyc b6f and PSI
product: ATP

17
Q

Water-water cycle

A

H2O to H2O
involves PSII, cyc b6f, PSI
product: ATP

18
Q

Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory

A

The electron transport chain
generates proton-motive force
for ATP synthesis
- Eis small, and pis determined
entirely by pH

19
Q

excess excitation

A

photo-oxidative damage

20
Q

excess light

A

non photochemical quenching (heat)
energy-dependent quenching (qE): The xanthophyll cycle
State transition (qT): Conformational changes in LHCII
Photoinhhibition(qI): Light-induced reduction in quantum yield as a consequence of damage

21
Q

ZE

A

stroma
low light/ high luminal pH

22
Q

VDE

A

lumen/ low luminal pH

23
Q

DI protein

A

subunit of PSII
susceptible to photodamge

24
Q

factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity
CO2 concentration
temperature

25
Q

The rate of net photosynthesis is saturated at higher light intensities. Why?

A

At the light saturation point, photosynthetic
reaction rate is determined by light-independent
reactions(Carbon fixation)

26
Q

At low light intensities, the relationship between net
photosynthesis and light intensity is linear. Why?

A

At low light intensities, light is limited for
photosynthesis

27
Q

At low light intensities, there is a negative value of
net photosynthesis. Why?

A

Plants have mitochondria and respire, consuming O2
and producing CO2. In the dark, CO2production is
greater than CO2 consumption

28
Q

CO2 concentration

A

C4 plants have lower compensation point than C3 plants: Photorespiration is
suppressed by the CO2 concentrating mechanism in C4 plant

29
Q

Starch

A

storage carbohydrate
chloroplast

30
Q

Sucrose

A

Principle photosynthetic product in plants
cytoplasm

31
Q

Starch enzymes

A

Starch synthetase
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Sucrose phosphate synthase

32
Q

Amylose

A

α-1,4-glycosidic bond linear chain (straight chain of glucose)

33
Q

Amylopectine

A

α-1,6-glycosidic bond
highly branched

34
Q

Key enzymes for hydrolytic
starch degradation

A

α-Amylase: Targeting endo α-1,4-glycosidic bonds
β-Amylase: Targeting exoα-1,4-glycosidic bonds at the non-reducing end of starch chains by cleaving off two glucose molecules (maltose)
Limit dextrinase(pullulanase): Targeting the branch point of starch (α-1,6-glycosidic bonds)

35
Q

Sucrose synthesis

A

Sucrose 6-phosphate synthase
Sucrose 6-phosphate phosphatase
Sucrose is synthesized in cytosol

36
Q

Triose phosphate

A

Both sucrose and starch are synthesized

37
Q

Sucrose Degradation

A

Invertase
Irreversible
catalysis for sucrose degradation

38
Q

Generation of UDP-glucose for cell wall
biosynthesis during sucrose degradation

A

BIO 331 FINAL (7 decks)

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