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Module 5 Communication Homeostasis And Energy > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is autotrophic nutrition?

A

Formation of simple inorganic molecules such as water and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What is the main product of photosynthesis?

A

A monosaccharide sugar

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3
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

The process by which carbon is converted into sugars

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4
Q

What type of reaction is carbon fixation?

A

Endothermic so needs energy

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5
Q

What is a use of carbon fixation?

A

Regulates the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and oceans

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6
Q

Example heterotrophs

A

Types of bacteria which can obtain energy by digesting complex organic molecules of food to smaller molecules less they can use as respiratory substrates

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7
Q

What is the compensation point?

A

The point at which the rate of photosynthesis and respiration are the same.

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8
Q

What is the photosynthetic pigment?

A

pigment that absorbs specific wavelengths of light an traps energy associated with the light

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9
Q

Where does the light dependant stage of photosynthesis take place?

A

In the grana

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10
Q

What are the intergranal lamellae?

A

The connections of thylakoids between grana

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11
Q

How many thylakoids are in a granum?

A

100

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12
Q

What does the thylakoid membrane provide a surface for?

A

The distribution of the photosystems that contain the photosynthetic pigments that trap energy

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13
Q

What is present in the stroma?

A

It contains enzymes needed to catalyse the reactions for the light independent stage of photosynthesis.

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14
Q

What does the DNA in the stroma contain?

A

Genes that code for some of the proteins needed for photosynthesis

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15
Q

Where are the photosynthetic pigments?

A

In the photosystems

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16
Q

Chlorophyll a P680

A

Found in photosystem II and its peak absorption of light is wavelength 680nm and appears blue green

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17
Q

Chlorophyll a P700

A

Found in photosystem I and peak absorption wavelength is 700nm and appears blue green

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18
Q

Chlorophyll b

A

Absorbs light of wavelength 400-500nm and around 650nm and appears yellow green

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19
Q

What light do carotenoids reflect?

A

Yellow and orange

20
Q

What light does xanthophylls reflect?

A

Yellow light

21
Q

What does the light dependant stage of photosynthesis involve

A

Photolysis, photophosphorylation, formation of reduced NADP

22
Q

What happens in photosystem I?

A

The pigment at the primary reaction centre is a type of chlorophyll a which has a peak absorption of red light wavelength 700nm

23
Q

What happens at photosystem II

A

The pigment at the primary reaction centre is a type of chlorophyll a but has this has a peak absorption of red light wavelength 680nm

24
Q

Products of photolysis

A

2H+, 2e-, 1/2o2

25
Q

What is the role of water in the light dependant

A

Source of protons that will de used in photophosphorylation
Donates electrons to chlorophyll to replace lost ones
Is a source of o2
Keeps plant cells turgid

26
Q

What is photophosphorylation?

A

The generation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, in the presence of light

27
Q

What are the two types of photophosphorylation?

A

cyclic and non cyclic

28
Q

What is an electron carrier?

A

A protein with iron at its centre embedded in the thylakoid membrane

29
Q

How are electrons transported across carriers?

A

They combine with the iron to form Fe2+ and can donate the electron to become reoxidised (Fe3+)

30
Q

How are protons pumped through the thylakoid membrane?

A

The energy from the movement of electrons

31
Q

What is ferredoxin?

A

A protein iron sulfur complex that accepts electrons from PSI and passes them to NADP in the stroma

32
Q

How is ATP formed?

A

The concentration gradient creates by the large conc inside the thylakoid forces protons to move through special channels associated with ATP synthase enzymes so the flow of protons causes ADP and a phosphate to form ATP.

33
Q

How does cyclic photophosphorylation work?

A

Light strikes PSI and a pair of electrons gain energy they escape onto carrier and pass back to PSI

34
Q

What products are formed from PSI in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

ATP(small amount)
No protons or electrons
No reduced NADP

35
Q

What is the Calvin cycle?

A

Metabolic pathway by which the carbon dioxide is fixed with products of the light dependant stage to make organic compounds.

36
Q

What is the role of RuBisCO?

A

It catalyses the reaction between carbon dioxide and acceptor

37
Q

what is the carbon dioxide acceptor?

A

RuBP

38
Q

what is formed when RuBP accepts the COO- group?

A

it forms an unstable six carbon compound

39
Q

what forms from the breakdown of the unstable six carbon compound?

A

two molecules of a three-carbon compound GP

40
Q

what happens to the three carbon GP molecule?

A

it is reduced using the hydrogen ions from thee reduced NADP in the light dependant stage of photosynthesis. this forms TP

41
Q

what is used up when converting GP to TP?

A

2 molecules of ATP for every molecule of carbon fixed and 2 hydrogen ions from NADPH.

42
Q

why are there low levels of RUBP?

A

because it is constantly being converted to GP however it is always being regenerated.

43
Q

how many TP molecules are used to form RuBP?

A

10 in every 12

44
Q

what is the product of the calvin cycle ?

A

2 molecules of TP which form a glucose molecule.

45
Q

how many turns of the calvin cycle are required to for the formation of two TP molecules?

A

6

46
Q

what is the optimum PH for the RuBisCO enzymes to function?

A

PH8 provide by the active pumping of hydrogen ions out of the stroma.

47
Q

what effect do high temperatures have on the rate of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen competes with carbon dioxide for the active site of the enzyme RuBisCO.

Module 5 Communication Homeostasis And Energy (10 decks)

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