Photosynthesis Flashcards
the grana are stacks of
thylakoid disc
thylakoid contain photosynthetic pigments called
chlorophyll
where is the light-independent reaction found
stroma
photolysis of water produces
hydrogen, electron and oxygen
the electron in photosystem 1 helps produce
NADPH
hydrogen ion helps produce the reaction of
ATP
protons can only cross thylakoid membrane through
ATP synthase channel
thylakoid membrane provide large SA for attachment of
chlorophyll
ADP+Pi produces
ATP
chlorophyll absorb
light energy
light energy does what to an electron
excite/ increase energy
when an electron is excited it moves along the
electron transport chain
NADP is reduced to form
NADPH
when electron moves along ETC the energy is used for the production of
ATP
NADPH is used for which cycle
Calvin cycle
where does the calvin cycle occur
in the stroma
Calvin cycle is sensitive to temperature due to
enzymes
RuBP combines with CO2 to form
3 carbon compound called glycerate-3-phosphate
the formation of GP is catalysed by the enzyme
rubisco
GP is reduced to
Triose-phosphate
GP reduced to TP using the energy from
ATP and by accepting a H from NADPH
TP is converted and regenerates
into glucose and then starch and regenerates RuBP
anaerobic respiration takes place in the
absence of oxygen
aerobic respiration requires
oxygen
anaerobic respiration produces
lactate or ethanol and CO2
aerobic respration produces
CO2, H2O and ATP
Glycolysis splits a 6 carbon molecule into
3 carbon pyruvate molecule
6C) splits into two molecules of
triose phosphate
hydrogen is removed from each molecule of triose phosphate to form
2 molecules of NADH
what is removed from TP to form NADH
hydrogen
when hydrogen is removed from TP it forms a 3C molecule called
pyruvate
what is produced in glycolysis reaction
3C pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H, and 4 ATP
what molecule is formed in the link reaction
acetyl coenzyme A
in link reaction pyruvate is oxidised to
acetate
CoA binds to pyruvate to form… and where does this occur
acetyl CoA
occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
the oxidation of pyruvate causes it to lose
CO2 and 2H
the hydrogen lost by pyruvate in oxidation is used to form (2 molecules)
NADH and ATP
pyruvate+NAD+CoA —>
acetylCoA+NADH+CO2
acetyl CoA from the link reaction combines with a 4C compound called
oxaloacetate
the combination of AcetylCoA and oxaloacetate releases which enzyme
CoA enzyme
6C citric acid releases what compound to make it a 5C compound
CO2
In the Kreb cycle a 5C compound is converted into a 4C compound by releasing which 4 molecules.
CO2, 2NADH, 2FADH2 and ATP
is oxidative phosphorylation a aerobic or anaerobic process
aerobic
three ways in which the properties of ATP make it a suitable source of energy
energy released in small amounts
soluble
involves a single reaction
explain in two points why ATP is synthesised in such large amounts in the body
ATP is an immediate source of energy
ATP only released in small amounts
what happens in photolysis of water
forms hydrogen, electrons and oxygen
light excites electrons/ raises energy level of electrons
when light hits the chlorophyll this cause electrons to be
excited
what is the stroma
fluid filled matrix
what is photoionisation
when chlorophyll is struck by light and an electron is removed
describe the chemiosmotic theory
Proton pumps pump H+ ions through ATP synthase
Energy used for this process comes from electrons released by the photolysis of water
what are the products of light dependent reaction
ATP,NADPH and O2
why does the light independent reaction occur without light
requires ATP and NADH from light dependent reaction
where does light independent reaction take place
in stroma
