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A2 Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the grana are stacks of

A

thylakoid disc

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2
Q

thylakoid contain photosynthetic pigments called

A

chlorophyll

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3
Q

where is the light-independent reaction found

A

stroma

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4
Q

photolysis of water produces

A

hydrogen, electron and oxygen

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5
Q

the electron in photosystem 1 helps produce

A

NADPH

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6
Q

hydrogen ion helps produce the reaction of

A

ATP

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7
Q

protons can only cross thylakoid membrane through

A

ATP synthase channel

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8
Q

thylakoid membrane provide large SA for attachment of

A

chlorophyll

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9
Q

ADP+Pi produces

A

ATP

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10
Q

chlorophyll absorb

A

light energy

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11
Q

light energy does what to an electron

A

excite/ increase energy

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12
Q

when an electron is excited it moves along the

A

electron transport chain

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13
Q

NADP is reduced to form

A

NADPH

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14
Q

when electron moves along ETC the energy is used for the production of

A

ATP

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15
Q

NADPH is used for which cycle

A

Calvin cycle

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16
Q

where does the calvin cycle occur

A

in the stroma

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17
Q

Calvin cycle is sensitive to temperature due to

A

enzymes

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18
Q

RuBP combines with CO2 to form

A

3 carbon compound called glycerate-3-phosphate

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19
Q

the formation of GP is catalysed by the enzyme

A

rubisco

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20
Q

GP is reduced to

A

Triose-phosphate

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21
Q

GP reduced to TP using the energy from

A

ATP and by accepting a H from NADPH

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22
Q

TP is converted and regenerates

A

into glucose and then starch and regenerates RuBP

23
Q

anaerobic respiration takes place in the

A

absence of oxygen

24
Q

aerobic respiration requires

A

oxygen

25
Q

anaerobic respiration produces

A

lactate or ethanol and CO2

26
Q

aerobic respration produces

A

CO2, H2O and ATP

27
Q

Glycolysis splits a 6 carbon molecule into

A

3 carbon pyruvate molecule

28
Q

6C) splits into two molecules of

A

triose phosphate

29
Q

hydrogen is removed from each molecule of triose phosphate to form

A

2 molecules of NADH

30
Q

what is removed from TP to form NADH

A

hydrogen

31
Q

when hydrogen is removed from TP it forms a 3C molecule called

A

pyruvate

32
Q

what is produced in glycolysis reaction

A

3C pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H, and 4 ATP

33
Q

what molecule is formed in the link reaction

A

acetyl coenzyme A

34
Q

in link reaction pyruvate is oxidised to

A

acetate

35
Q

CoA binds to pyruvate to form… and where does this occur

A

acetyl CoA

occurs in the mitochondrial matrix

36
Q

the oxidation of pyruvate causes it to lose

A

CO2 and 2H

37
Q

the hydrogen lost by pyruvate in oxidation is used to form (2 molecules)

A

NADH and ATP

38
Q

pyruvate+NAD+CoA —>

A

acetylCoA+NADH+CO2

39
Q

acetyl CoA from the link reaction combines with a 4C compound called

A

oxaloacetate

40
Q

the combination of AcetylCoA and oxaloacetate releases which enzyme

A

CoA enzyme

41
Q

6C citric acid releases what compound to make it a 5C compound

A

CO2

42
Q

In the Kreb cycle a 5C compound is converted into a 4C compound by releasing which 4 molecules.

A

CO2, 2NADH, 2FADH2 and ATP

43
Q

is oxidative phosphorylation a aerobic or anaerobic process

A

aerobic

44
Q

three ways in which the properties of ATP make it a suitable source of energy

A

energy released in small amounts
soluble
involves a single reaction

45
Q

explain in two points why ATP is synthesised in such large amounts in the body

A

ATP is an immediate source of energy

ATP only released in small amounts

46
Q

what happens in photolysis of water

A

forms hydrogen, electrons and oxygen

light excites electrons/ raises energy level of electrons

47
Q

when light hits the chlorophyll this cause electrons to be

A

excited

48
Q

what is the stroma

A

fluid filled matrix

49
Q

what is photoionisation

A

when chlorophyll is struck by light and an electron is removed

50
Q

describe the chemiosmotic theory

A

Proton pumps pump H+ ions through ATP synthase

Energy used for this process comes from electrons released by the photolysis of water

51
Q

what are the products of light dependent reaction

A

ATP,NADPH and O2

52
Q

why does the light independent reaction occur without light

A

requires ATP and NADH from light dependent reaction

53
Q

where does light independent reaction take place

A

in stroma

A2 Biology (5 decks)

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