Photosynthesis Flashcards
What color is not absorbed by chlorophyll
Green light is not absorbed by reflected making the plant appear green. Chlorophyll a and b strongly absorb blue and red light.
What is the action spectrum?
It shows the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light. It shows the effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in photosynthesis. Maximum photosynthesis occurs in blue and red lgiht. Green light has the lowest photosynthesis rate.
What is the absorption spectrum.
Absorption spectrum is the graph showing different wavelength of light absorbed by different pigments.
What are the three metabolic pathways?
Simple linear pathway
Branch point
Cycle.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
The role of water in photosynthesis is that it combines with carbon to form the molecule of glucose. Water also provides electron that binds to hydrogen atoms to the carbon to produce glucose. Water also act as a reducing agent. Water also is used in photolysic when the electron lost from clorophyl passing electron to electron acceptor is replaced by splitting water molecule into electron, H+, and O2.
What is the general balanced equation of photosynthesis
6(CO)2 +6H2O ————-> C6H12O6 +6O2 + E
In what order are substrates used and products appearing?
When the antenna complex in absorbs a photon of light, transferring the absorbed energy from molecule to molecule, transferring the absorbed energy from molecule to molecule until it is passed on one of the special chlorophyll a molecules called P680. When P680 is excited, the electron leaves to molecule and goes onto the electron acceptor. Photolysis, the process which the lost electron is then replaced by the electron from splitting a water molecule. The electron in the electron accepter is then used to replaced the electron lost when the reaction center in photosystem 1 transfer electron to electron acceptor.
Where do the major step take place?
The light reaction occurs in the tyklaloid and the dark reaction occurs in the Calvin-Benson cycle.
Why is oxygen the first product of photosynthesis?
Photolysis.
What is the light reaction?
Light reaction occurs in the clorplast thylakoid. Chlorophyll a and accessory pigments absorb visible light energy. The electrons in the molecules become exicited or energized. Some of the energy in excited slectron is used to split water molecules. The oxygen from splitting water is oxygen gas. Some energy is captruerd in the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate. The electron and proton from water combine with the electron accepter nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to form nadph. In summary, the light reactions use solar energy to split water to release electrons, protons, and oxygen. The electrons and protons are used to make ATP and NADPH.
What is the Dark reaction?
The dark reaction occurs in the Stroma. The dark reaction is the series biochemical reactions of photosynthesis that do not need night. The immediate products of photosynthesis are used to produce glucose, the immediate product of the dark reaction. This is done through the carbon fixation process called the Calvin cycle. Glucose is the immediate product of the dark reaction.
What is the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin Cycle is the process that turns carbon dioxide gas into organic 6 carbon molecule. First, the enzyme, ribulose combines carbon dioxide with RuBP. The 6 carbon sugar is immediately into 2 3 carbon molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate or PGA. This metabolic pathway is called C3 pathway. The immediate product of the light reaction are then put to use. ATP delivers energy and the NADPH affixes one hydrogen to each of the PGA chains. This produces the GP3P or PGAL. Glucose needs 6 carbon to form, which are made from 2 molecules of GP3P. However, the RuBP needs to be ressembled to be reused. So,the calvin cycle repeats a total of 6 times to produce 1 glucose. The total product of the 6 Calvin cycle is 12 PGAL or 36 carbons in total. 6 are used for glucose, the other 30 is reconstructed into 6 RuBP.
What is the electron transport chains?
The ETC are a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron accepters through the means of redox reaction. In photosynthesis, the ETC links the two photosystem togetherand creates a electrochemical gradient which produces ATP from ADP and phosphate. Since they transport electrons out of the reaction center to photosystem 2 to photosystem 1, photolysis breaks down water to donate an electron to the Chlorophyll a. This process creates a buildup of H+ ions in the lumen. Like osmosis, chemiosmosis happens when ions diffuse from the acidic lumen to outside the stroma located thyklaloid. The atp synthase complex provides the chann el that allows the protons to flow through it. This electrochemical gradient allows for ATP to be porduced.
Briefly explain why C4 and CAM plants also C3 plants are?
C4 plants are plants who uses the C4 metabolic pathway for carbon fixation. There is no Calvin cycle occuring in the mesophyll cells of leaves. C4 plants spatially separates the C4 and C3 pathways. The C4 pathway fixes carbon dioxide onto phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is then reduced to malate. Malate is transfered to the bundle sheaths of leaves where the it is separated into carbon dioxide and 3 carbon pyruvate. Then the carbon enters the calvin cycle and rubisco fixes it into pga. Carbon is fixed twice. This reduces the need for photorespiration since there is higher levels of carbon dioxide in rubisco. C3 plants uses the C3 metabolic pathway which uses the Calvin Cycle. When it is hot, C3 plants have to use photorespiration which is ineefficient. Cam plants uses C4 pathway and the Calvin cycle, but it is separated temporally. At night, when temperatures are low, Carbon dioxide is fixed into the c4 pathway in mesophyll cells. They store the resulting malate into vacoules. During day, When the stomata closes, the vacoules open and the malate is transferred into bundled sheath cells where the calvin cycle occurs.
What does the C4 in C4 metabolism refer to?
The C4 in C4 metabolism refers to the first organic product of the C4 metabolism pathway. That product is the 4 carbon Oxolacetate molecule.
