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GENERAL BIOLOGY > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a process where plants manufacture their own food.

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

responsible to trap the light

A

chlorophyll

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3
Q

process that happens in the thylakoid membranes; very specifically inside the chlorophyll

A

Light dependent reactions

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4
Q

by product of the light dependent reactions

A

oxygen

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5
Q

used to form ATP

A

glucose

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6
Q

how do plants harness light energy to manufacture food?

A

photosynthesis

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7
Q

How do living organisms harness energy from food?

A

cellular respiration

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8
Q

the chemical equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H2O with the presence of sunlight is equals to C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

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9
Q

converts solar energy into the chemical energy of a carbohydrate.

A

Photosynthesis

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10
Q

transport of one or more electrons from one reactant to another.

A

Redox Reduction

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11
Q

also called as Oxidation Reduction

A

Redox Reduction

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12
Q

loss of electrons from a substance, and gain of oxygen

A

Oxidation Reduction

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13
Q

which part in the chemical equation of photosynthesis comes from water?

A

6O2

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14
Q

this is what plants store when they are not using it and this becomes carbohydrates.

A

glucose

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15
Q

this all consists of carbon.

A

macromolecules

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16
Q

membrane transport such as simple diffusion, active transport, osmosis passive transport all need this, and also called as the energy currency of the cell.

A

ATP

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17
Q

The two type of organisms regarding on how they obtain energy by food

A

photoautotrophs, chemotrophs

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18
Q

organisms that can’t make their own food, called as “consumers”, consumes autotrophs or other heterotrophs and this include all animals, fungi and many single-celled organisms

A

Heterotrophs

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19
Q

carbohydrates undergo this process to obtain glucose.

A

digestion

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20
Q

why living things need energy?

A

to survive, to carry out life processes required to build up and transport molecules across plasma membrane, all lifeworks need energy and life runs on chemical energy

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21
Q

a lot of energy is simply lost to the environment as

A

heat

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22
Q

can humans and animals store energy for too long?

A

no

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23
Q

energy can’t be recycled, true or false?

A

true

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24
Q

organisms require a constant input of energy, true or false?

A

true

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25
Q

the chemical energy that organisms need comes from

A

foods

26
Q

food consists this that store energy in their chemical bonds

A

organic molecules

27
Q

the gain of electrons and the loss of oxygen

A

Reduction Reaction

28
Q

which part of the chemical equation of photosynthesis did reduction reaction?

A

6H2O, C6H12O6

29
Q

anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO2) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H2O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose).

A

Photosynthesis

30
Q

this manufacture glucose, and the building blocks of plants

A

Photosynthesis

31
Q

oxygen gas is the byproduct of this process, and needed sunlight to generate

A

photosynthesis

32
Q

smallest units of light, and oscillate along a path measured as wavelength

A

photons

33
Q

this contains photons

A

electromagnetic spectrum

34
Q

photosynthesis uses only small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called

A

visible light

35
Q

the color of the pigment comes from the

A

light reflected

36
Q

this is the light that is ABSORBED by the pigments, and this provide energy used for photosynthesis

A

red and blue

37
Q

disk like structure

A

thylakoid

38
Q

the thylakoid is surrounded by a fluid filled space called

A

stroma

39
Q

occurs in the thylakoid, and the conversion of light energy to chemical energy is initiated.

A

light dependent reactions

40
Q

the reaction that synthesizes glucose, that occurs in the stroma

A

Calvin Cycle

41
Q

contain pairs of photosystems

A

thylakoids

42
Q

name of the photosystems

A

p700 (photosystem I), p680 (photosystem II)

43
Q

work in tandem to produce the energy that will later be used in stroma to manufacture sugars

A

photosystems

44
Q

consist of network accessory pigment molecules and chlorophyll

A

photosystems

45
Q

the molecules that absorb the photons of light

A

chlorophyll

46
Q

Within the ____, absorbed light energy excites the electrons to a higher state

A

pigment molecules

47
Q

this will channel the excitation energy gathered by the pigment molecules to a reaction center chlorophyll molecules which pass the electrons to a series of proteins located on the thylakoid membrane.

A

photosystems

48
Q

this strike the photosystems I and II simultaneously

A

photons of light

49
Q

energized electrons are passed from the reaction center of photosystem II to electron passport chain

A

photosystem II

50
Q

electrons that are lost by p700 are replaced by _____, that involves oxidation of a water molecule, producing electrons and oxygen gas

A

photolysis

51
Q

important input to the cellular respiration pathways

A

oxygen gas

52
Q

as electrons pass through the electron chain, the energy from the electron is used to pump hydrogen ions from stroma to thylakoid, creating a

A

concentration gradient

53
Q

this gradient powers a protein called ATP synthase, that phosphorylates ADP to form ATP

A

concentration gradient

54
Q

the low energy electrons leaving photosystem II are shattered to

A

photosystem I

55
Q

low energy electrons are reenergized and are passed through an electron transport chain where they are used to reduce the electron carrier NADP+ to NADPH

A

photosystem I

56
Q

when the chloroplast receiving a steady supply of protons NADPH and ATP molecules are rapidly being provided to the ____

A

metabolic pathways in the stroma

57
Q

ATP and NADPH formed during light dependent reactions are used in to do what reaction?

A

stroma; Calvin Cycle reactions

58
Q

consists of a series of reactions that reduce carbon dioxide to produce the carbohydrate glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate

A

Calvin Cycle

59
Q

how many steps the Calvin Cycle consists of?

A

3

60
Q

carbon dioxide attached to riboluse 1, 5 bisphosphate resulting in a carbon molecules that split into two-three carbon molecules.

A

Carbon Fixation

61
Q

sequence of reactions of electrons from NADPH and ATP are used for

A

to reduce carbon dioxide

62
Q

what enzyme is regenerated after the Calvin Cycle?

A

Riboluse 1, 5 bisphosphate

GENERAL BIOLOGY (1 decks)

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