Photosynithisis And Cellular Resperation Flashcards
What is the Calvin cycle?
A biochemical pathway in which CO₂ is converted into organic compounds.
What are chlorophyll?
Light absorbing pigments used in photosynthesis.
What is RuBP?
A 5-carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO₂ in carbon fixation.
What is ATP?
A molecule that acts as an energy source for metabolic processes.
What is NADPH?
A molecule that accepts electrons during the light phase.
What is a biochemical pathway
A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next.
What is A182?
A substance formed by the breakdown of ATP.
What is stroma?
In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in the chloroplast.
What is the light-independent reaction?
The part of photosynthesis that uses CO₂.
What is photosynthesis?
The conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds.
What is carbon fixation?
The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
What is the light-dependent reaction?
The part of photosynthesis that yields O₂, ATP, and NADPH.
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that consumes food.
What is an autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food.
What is the electron transport chain?
A series of proteins that accept high energy electrons from chlorophyll.
What is the anatomy of a chloroplast?
Suspended in the stroma are stacks of thylakoids called granum.
What is the difference between a molecule and an organelle?
A molecule is a chemical entity, while an organelle is a part of a cell with specific functions.
What can photons of light do?
They can transmit, absorb, or reflect.
What creates color?
Reflections of different wavelengths.
What are C4 and CAM plants?
Plants that have different paths to the Calvin cycle based on how CO₂ is fixed.
What substances enter the light-dependent reactions?
Water and NADP⁺.
What substances exit the light-dependent reactions?
ATP and NADPH.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and O₂.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
H₂O and CO₂.
What is aerobic respiration?
A reaction that requires oxygen.
What is glycolysis?
The first step where glucose is broken down to produce pyruvate.
What is the Krebs cycle?
Also known as the citric acid cycle, where high energy electron carriers are produced.
What happens during the electron transport chain?
ATP is made as ATP-synthase spins when H⁺ ions go through.
What occurs if there is no oxygen present after glycolysis?
Fermentation occurs.
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + ADP + P → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP.
What do overworked muscles produce when lacking oxygen?
Lactic acid.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm.
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
In the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae).
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
In the stroma.
Where do light reactions occur?
In the thylakoid membrane.
How much ATP is produced in glycolysis?
A total of 2 ATP are produced.
How much ATP is produced from the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain?
A total of 36 ATP from all processes.
