Photoplankton Flashcards
Single cell plants that sometimes form chains
Phytoplankton
Single cell animals up to 2-3” in size, herbivores + carnivores
Zooplankton
Photo and zoo plankton also spawn and larvae (developing animals)
[copepods, krill, jellyfish, mola mola] poor swimmers, drift with current
Plankton
Polar- temperate seas, have a silicon shell
Diatom (phytoplankton)
Tropics, low nutrient conditions, may bloom in high nutrient areas
Dinoflagellates (phytoplankton)
Salt- marsh plants, roots submerged only at high tide, roots act as snorkels, glands excrete salt
They stop erosion, creating land nursery for neretic fish
Mangroves (marine plants)
Rootlike horizontal stems connect under sediment for attachment. Pollen is released in current
Sea grasses (turtle grasses) [marine plants]
Sargassums- floating Matt’s of surface held up by n2 filled bladders
Brown algae
Cold water, may grow 2 inches a day
Giant kelp
Found during WW2 with sonar, a very large layer of deep water sealift, found at varying depths, especially during night/ day
DSL. Deep scattering layer
97% of all animal life. Vary from a single called Protozoa to 80 feet giant squids. Some are primitive, others have highly specialized organs.
Invertebrates
Cephalopoda are considered highly intelligent. None have backbones or spines. All show regeneration to some extent, and body fluid salinity is equal to seawater.
Invertebrates
Filter through mud or sand
Detritus
Filter out seawater
Filter feeder
“Doesn’t move often”
Sessile
In between the tides
Littoral
Shallow water
Neretic
On or in the bottom
Benthic
In the water
Pelagic
Deep water
Oceanic
Dinoflagellates bloom, excess nutrients from upwellings
Red tide
Either toxic and kill the fish or oxygen depletion kills the fish
“Bloom”
Most abundant animal on earth
Copepods (shrimp like)
1/4” to 3”, shrimp like, feed on copepods, provide for fish, birds and whales
Krill
Sponges, contain only specialized cells only, can form large colonies, benthic, sessile, filter feeders spawn or bud
Porifera (specialized cells)
Benthic, sessile, tentacles (anemones)
Polyp (chidarians)
Specialized tissue
Pelagic, tentacles, jellyfish
Medusa (chidarians)
Specialized tissue
All chidarians have ______ or pressure activated harpoons to stun and kill prey
Nematocysts
One or no shell, muscular foot, abalone nudibranches, scrape algae with radula (tongue)
Gastropods (mollusks)
Two hard shells, clams, mussels, filter feed
Bivalves (mollusks)
Very well developed senses, arms equipped with suckers, water “jetted” out through a siphon for fast movement, ink to escape
Cephalopods (mollusks)
8 arms with suckers, hard beam to rip prey, radula rasps away flesh, excellent eyesight, chromatophore a (skin pigments that change colors), crawl or swim using siphon
Octopus (cephalopods, mollusks)
8 arms, 2 tentacles, hark beak, excellent eyesight, chromatophores, swim slowly with mantle “fins” or jet quickly with siphon
Squid (cephalopods, mollusks)
Squid like, except they have a curdle that’s chalky
Cuttlefish (cephalopods, mollusks)
Hard outer shell, like a cuttlefish, not as good of a swimmer, good eye sight, possum of the ocean world
Nautilus (cephalopods, mollusks)
Hard, segmented exoskeleton with jointed appendages made of Chiton. Moved by muscles and tendons
Athropods
These animals vary from very hard shelled filter feeding barnacles, small copepods, Isopods (whale live) to crabs and lobsters.
Crustaceans (Arthropods)
Decapods, 5 pairs of walking legs and 1 pair modified into claws. Very mobile crawlers. Females have larger body (cephalothorax) to carry eggs
Crabs (Arthropods)
Large modified (abdomen) tail to carry eggs and flee rapidly backwards
Lobsters (Arthropods)
Both crabs and lobsters have ______ in their stomach to grind food and a well developed ___ for smell, sight and touch
Chitinous teeth and CNS
Endoskeleton solid or played for movement. Every thin walled stomach over prey to digest. Radial symmetry, reproduce by spawning, some budding. Move by a WVS
Echinoderms
Tube feet with a sucker on the end, extend when filled with water from a muscular sac ampullae “intake” is the madreporite on the dorsal side
Water vascular system
Solid endoskeleton “test” urchin protective spines
Sea urchin and sand dollar (Echinoderms)
Plated endoskeleton for movement
Sea stars and brittle stars
Eviscerate-throw up and out, internal organs for escape diversion
Sea cucumber
All possess (in part of their lives) a dorsal nerve chord, gill slits, and a notochord
Chordates
During their larval stage are similar to a tadpole with a dorsal nerve chord gills and notochord. Revert to a sessile, benthic filter feeder as an adult
Tunicates (sea squirts)
