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Marine Biology > Photoplankton > Flashcards

Photoplankton Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Single cell plants that sometimes form chains

A

Phytoplankton

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2
Q

Single cell animals up to 2-3” in size, herbivores + carnivores

A

Zooplankton

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3
Q

Photo and zoo plankton also spawn and larvae (developing animals)
[copepods, krill, jellyfish, mola mola] poor swimmers, drift with current

A

Plankton

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4
Q

Polar- temperate seas, have a silicon shell

A

Diatom (phytoplankton)

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5
Q

Tropics, low nutrient conditions, may bloom in high nutrient areas

A

Dinoflagellates (phytoplankton)

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6
Q

Salt- marsh plants, roots submerged only at high tide, roots act as snorkels, glands excrete salt
They stop erosion, creating land nursery for neretic fish

A

Mangroves (marine plants)

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7
Q

Rootlike horizontal stems connect under sediment for attachment. Pollen is released in current

A

Sea grasses (turtle grasses) [marine plants]

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8
Q

Sargassums- floating Matt’s of surface held up by n2 filled bladders

A

Brown algae

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9
Q

Cold water, may grow 2 inches a day

A

Giant kelp

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10
Q

Found during WW2 with sonar, a very large layer of deep water sealift, found at varying depths, especially during night/ day

A

DSL. Deep scattering layer

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11
Q

97% of all animal life. Vary from a single called Protozoa to 80 feet giant squids. Some are primitive, others have highly specialized organs.

A

Invertebrates

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12
Q

Cephalopoda are considered highly intelligent. None have backbones or spines. All show regeneration to some extent, and body fluid salinity is equal to seawater.

A

Invertebrates

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13
Q

Filter through mud or sand

A

Detritus

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14
Q

Filter out seawater

A

Filter feeder

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15
Q

“Doesn’t move often”

A

Sessile

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16
Q

In between the tides

A

Littoral

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17
Q

Shallow water

A

Neretic

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18
Q

On or in the bottom

A

Benthic

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19
Q

In the water

A

Pelagic

20
Q

Deep water

A

Oceanic

21
Q

Dinoflagellates bloom, excess nutrients from upwellings

A

Red tide

22
Q

Either toxic and kill the fish or oxygen depletion kills the fish

A

“Bloom”

23
Q

Most abundant animal on earth

A

Copepods (shrimp like)

24
Q

1/4” to 3”, shrimp like, feed on copepods, provide for fish, birds and whales

A

Krill

25
Q

Sponges, contain only specialized cells only, can form large colonies, benthic, sessile, filter feeders spawn or bud

A

Porifera (specialized cells)

26
Q

Benthic, sessile, tentacles (anemones)

A

Polyp (chidarians)

Specialized tissue

27
Q

Pelagic, tentacles, jellyfish

A

Medusa (chidarians)

Specialized tissue

28
Q

All chidarians have ______ or pressure activated harpoons to stun and kill prey

A

Nematocysts

29
Q

One or no shell, muscular foot, abalone nudibranches, scrape algae with radula (tongue)

A

Gastropods (mollusks)

30
Q

Two hard shells, clams, mussels, filter feed

A

Bivalves (mollusks)

31
Q

Very well developed senses, arms equipped with suckers, water “jetted” out through a siphon for fast movement, ink to escape

A

Cephalopods (mollusks)

32
Q

8 arms with suckers, hard beam to rip prey, radula rasps away flesh, excellent eyesight, chromatophore a (skin pigments that change colors), crawl or swim using siphon

A

Octopus (cephalopods, mollusks)

33
Q

8 arms, 2 tentacles, hark beak, excellent eyesight, chromatophores, swim slowly with mantle “fins” or jet quickly with siphon

A

Squid (cephalopods, mollusks)

34
Q

Squid like, except they have a curdle that’s chalky

A

Cuttlefish (cephalopods, mollusks)

35
Q

Hard outer shell, like a cuttlefish, not as good of a swimmer, good eye sight, possum of the ocean world

A

Nautilus (cephalopods, mollusks)

36
Q

Hard, segmented exoskeleton with jointed appendages made of Chiton. Moved by muscles and tendons

A

Athropods

37
Q

These animals vary from very hard shelled filter feeding barnacles, small copepods, Isopods (whale live) to crabs and lobsters.

A

Crustaceans (Arthropods)

38
Q

Decapods, 5 pairs of walking legs and 1 pair modified into claws. Very mobile crawlers. Females have larger body (cephalothorax) to carry eggs

A

Crabs (Arthropods)

39
Q

Large modified (abdomen) tail to carry eggs and flee rapidly backwards

A

Lobsters (Arthropods)

40
Q

Both crabs and lobsters have ______ in their stomach to grind food and a well developed ___ for smell, sight and touch

A

Chitinous teeth and CNS

41
Q

Endoskeleton solid or played for movement. Every thin walled stomach over prey to digest. Radial symmetry, reproduce by spawning, some budding. Move by a WVS

A

Echinoderms

42
Q

Tube feet with a sucker on the end, extend when filled with water from a muscular sac ampullae “intake” is the madreporite on the dorsal side

A

Water vascular system

43
Q

Solid endoskeleton “test” urchin protective spines

A

Sea urchin and sand dollar (Echinoderms)

44
Q

Plated endoskeleton for movement

A

Sea stars and brittle stars

45
Q

Eviscerate-throw up and out, internal organs for escape diversion

A

Sea cucumber

46
Q

All possess (in part of their lives) a dorsal nerve chord, gill slits, and a notochord

A

Chordates

47
Q

During their larval stage are similar to a tadpole with a dorsal nerve chord gills and notochord. Revert to a sessile, benthic filter feeder as an adult

A

Tunicates (sea squirts)

Marine Biology (1 decks)

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