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Photography > Photography, lighting, flash & techniques > Flashcards

Photography, lighting, flash & techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of photography mentioned?

A

35mm wet (film) & digital

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2
Q

What is a Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera?

A

Typically uses a mirror and prism system, allowing you to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured.

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3
Q

What is the angle of view in photography?

A

The area of the subject that is projected onto the camera’s sensor by the lens.

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4
Q

What does a Charged Couple Device (CCD) do?

A

It is used in digital SLR cameras instead of film.

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5
Q

Why are tripods essential in photography?

A

They are essential for longer exposures when using low shutter speeds (below 1/60) in low-light conditions to avoid camera shake and ensure sharp images.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a 50mm lens?

A

It minimizes distortion and provides a ‘true-to-life’ representation of size and perspective.

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7
Q

What is a macro lens used for?

A

It is used for capturing intricate evidence, such as fingerprints.

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8
Q

What does ISO measure in photography?

A

The quality of film and how sensitive it is to light.

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9
Q

What is the effect of a lower ISO (e.g., ISO 100)?

A

Lower sensitivity of film, ideal for bright conditions, producing high-quality images with little noise.

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10
Q

What is the effect of a higher ISO (e.g., ISO 1600)?

A

Increases sensitivity, ideal for low-light conditions, but can lead to digital noise or graininess.

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11
Q

What is a diaphragm in photography?

A

It is a component on the lens that opens and closes to let in light.

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12
Q

What is an aperture?

A

The hole created by the diaphragm.

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13
Q

What does the F stop indicate?

A

The size of the aperture.

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14
Q

What happens with a high F stop (e.g., f/32)?

A

It results in a small aperture, allowing less light in, leading to a slower shutter speed and good depth of field.

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15
Q

What happens with a low F stop (e.g., f/1.4)?

A

It results in a large aperture, allowing lots of light in, leading to a faster shutter speed and poor depth of field.

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16
Q

What is shutter speed?

A

The duration for which light is allowed to fall on the camera film or CCD.

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17
Q

How does shutter speed affect exposure?

A

Short shutter speed allows less time for light to land, while longer shutter speed results in a brighter photo.

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18
Q

What is exposure in photography?

A

Controlled by shutter speed, aperture, and ISO; it determines the lightness or darkness of an image.

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19
Q

What does a light/exposure meter do?

A

Measures the amount of light.

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20
Q

What does it mean if an image is overexposed?

A

The film has been exposed to light for too long.

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21
Q

What does it mean if an image is underexposed?

A

The film has been exposed to light for too little time.

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22
Q

What is focal length?

A

The distance from the optical center of the lens to the sensor (or film) when focused on an object (mm).

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23
Q

What is magnification in photography?

A

The relationship between the size of the subject projection on the imaging sensor and the subject size in reality.

24
Q

What is transmission in photography?

A

Light passing through a material.

25
Q

What is absorption in photography?

A

When light is taken in by a material and converted into another form of energy, usually heat.

26
Q

What is reflection in photography?

A

When light bounces off the surface of a material.

27
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, causing light waves to change direction.

28
Q

What is the purpose of lighting in photography?

A

To illuminate details, enhance visibility, and capture clear, accurate images of evidence and scenes.

29
Q

What is natural lighting ideal for?

A

It is ideal for scene photos, preserving colors and shadows as they naturally appear.

30
Q

What is ambient light?

A

Provides a base level of illumination that can be augmented with flash as needed.

31
Q

What is oblique lighting?

A

Involves positioning the light source at a low angle (10-45 degrees) to the subject; effective for capturing textures and surface details.

32
Q

What is transmitted lighting?

A

Light shone through a transparent or translucent object, often from behind, providing shadow-free highlights of internal details.

33
Q

What are alternative light sources (ALS)?

A

Uses specific wavelengths (e.g., ultraviolet or infrared) to reveal evidence not visible under standard lighting.

34
Q

What is the purpose of previewing a photograph?

A

To adjust lighting and angles before taking the final photo to see how different setups affect shadows, details, and overall image.

35
Q

What is direct flash?

A

Aimed directly at the subject, producing strong, bright light but can cause harsh shadows and reflections.

36
Q

What is fill-in flash?

A

Aimed to fill in shadowed areas without overpowering the ambient light; useful in daylight.

37
Q

What is bounced flash?

A

Flash directed at a surface to create softer, diffused light, reducing harsh shadows and reflections.

38
Q

What is balanced flash?

A

Ideal for scenes with different lighting areas, such as looking into a dark interior from a bright exterior.

39
Q

What is reversed balanced flash?

A

Photo taken from inside a dark area looking out, e.g., through a window.

40
Q

What is quartering in photography?

A

Ensuring all corners are covered by taking pictures of opposite corners.

41
Q

What is composition in photography?

A

How elements in a photo are arranged within the frame.

42
Q

What is the rule of thirds?

A

Creates intersections where important elements should be placed, helping to create depth and prevent visual imbalance.

43
Q

What does ‘fill the frame’ mean?

A

Avoiding empty spaces in the photograph.

44
Q

Why is landscape preferred for crime scenes?

A

It provides a wide view, capturing more of the scene.

45
Q

What is depth of field (DoF)?

A

The range of distance within a photo that appears acceptably sharp.

46
Q

How does a smaller aperture affect depth of field?

A

Increases DoF, keeping more of the scene in focus.

47
Q

How does a wider aperture affect depth of field?

A

Creates shallow DoF, blurring the background to emphasize specific details.

48
Q

How does focal length affect depth of field?

A

Longer focal lengths decrease DoF, while shorter focal lengths increase DoF.

49
Q

How does distance from the subject affect depth of field?

A

Moving closer narrows DoF, while moving further back deepens DoF.

50
Q

What is shallow depth of field used for?

A

Close-up detailed images where the background is blurred to make the subject stand out.

51
Q

What is deep depth of field used for?

A

Capturing entire crime scenes where all elements remain in focus.

52
Q

What is a scaled image?

A

A photo taken to accurately document evidence size and detail.

53
Q

How should the camera be positioned for a scaled image?

A

The lens must be parallel to the evidence surface to avoid perspective distortion.

54
Q

What is essential for footwear photography?

A

Using a tripod, a 50mm lens, narrow aperture, low ISO, oblique lighting, and multiple angles.

55
Q

What should be marked in footwear photography?

A

Locations in images to show evidence position.

Photography (3 decks)

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