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Photoelectric Sensors > Photoelectric General > Flashcards

Photoelectric General Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Pros for Opposed Mode

A
  • Reliability (contamination and sensor misalignment from shock and vibration)
  • High excess gain

-Impervious to surface reflectivity

-Part Counting

-Aperturing for small parts (if object small, use aperture to make beam smaller)

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2
Q

Cons for Opposed Mode

A

-Clear Materials

-High Excess Gain at short range

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3
Q

How many types of Retroreflective?

A

3

Standard

Polarized

Coaxial

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4
Q

Pros for Retroreflect

A

-Reliable Sensing

-Convenience (only space for one sensor)

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5
Q

Cons for Retroreflect

A

-Less excess gain (compared to opposed)

-Effective beam (avoid when detecting small objects or for precise positioning control)

-Clear materials

-Shiny materials

  • Blind spot at close range
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6
Q

Polarized Retroreflective

A
  • Shorter Range
  • Has Blind Spot
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6
Q

Coaxial Retroreflective

A
  • No more blind spot
  • Can see clear objects
  • Can see through smaller openings
  • Precise leading edge detection
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7
Q

Is diffuse light or dark operate

A

light

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8
Q

Pro for Diffuse

A
  • Convenience (only needs itself)
  • Conveyors (Used for straightforward product presence sensing)
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9
Q

Cons for Diffuse

A
  • Dependent on Object Reflectivity and Shape
  • Shiny Surface (if angled)
  • Background Objects
  • Small Parts Detection
  • Low Excess Gain
  • Count Inaccuracy (bad at counting radiused parts)
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10
Q

Pros for Convergent

A
  • High Excess Gain
  • Counting Radiused Objects
  • Accurate Positioning
  • Fill Level Applications
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11
Q

Cons for Convergent

A
  • Depth of Field
  • Effect of Surface Reflectivity
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12
Q

Con for Fixed Field and Adjustable Field

A

Shiny Surfaces

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13
Q

What are the Environmental Considerations?

A

Temperature

Moisture

Corrosive

Dirt, Dust, Fog

Vibration and Shock

Electrical Noise

Hazardous Environment

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14
Q

What are the two kinds of Output?

A

Analog and discrete

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15
Q

What is analog and which applications to use it?

A

Measurable change in volt or current 0-10 V or 4-20 mA

Applications: Measurements and Inspection

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16
Q

PNP ?

A

Discrete Sourcing

Volt comes from the brown line (+) to load (-)

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17
Q

NPN?

A

Discrete Sinking

Volt comes from load (+) to blue line (-)

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18
Q

Pros for Fiber Optics

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A

Tight sensing locations

Vibration and shock

Extreme environment

Explosion proof design

High temps

Custom sensor design

Noise Immunity

19
Q

Cons of fiber optics

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A

Sensing system cost

Excess gain is low

20
Q

Applications for fiber optics

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A

Punch press

Vibratory Feeders

Conveyors

Pill counting

Oven

Semiconductor processing equipment

21
Q

Pros for glass fiber optics

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A

Easy, fast and inexpensive to create glass fiber optic to fit a specific space or sensing environment

Fiber bundle may even be shaped at the sensing end to create a beam to “match” the profile of the object

Most glass fiber optics are very rugged and perform reliably in extreme temps

22
Q

Cons for glass fiber optics

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A

Breakage of the individual strand resulting from sharp bending or continued flexing as occurs on reciprocating mechanism

23
Q

Pros for plastic fiber optics

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A

Less expensive and allow less signal attenuation than glass fiber

More flexible and also survive well under repeated flexing

cause of their size, plastic fiber can be routed into extremely tight areas

24
Cons for plastic fiber optics
Plastic fiber optic require a visible light source for effective sensing Less tolerant to temp extremes and sensitive to many chemicals and solvents The bend radius of the cable affects the transmission of light
25
Pros for Ultrasonic sensors
Immune to light reflection Pump control Good for dusty/dirty environment Chemically resistant models available Low cost compared to radar No dead zone if used in retrosonic mode
26
Cons for Ultrasonic sensors
Windy area Angled Surfaces No visible spot
27
Applications for Ultrasonic Sensors
Tank level and pump control Web and loop control Opposed mode for food and beverages Clear or opaque objects
28
What is retrosonic sensing?
Not looking for glass bottle but actually looking for other bar of the conveyor belt
29
What are the add ons for ultrasonic sensors and why
Stilling tubes: For tank level measurement Goes all the way into the liquid to calm turbulent surfaces or prevent foam accumulation Waveguide: Narrowing the beam Direct sonic signal through small openings Mount closer to a tank wall Eliminate interference from an obstacle Length should be shorter than dead zone with a 45° chamfer
30
Applications for T-Gage
Temp sensor Automotive Packaging Material Handling Baked Goods Assembly
31
Why use Radar
Ignore ambient condition Dust, dirt, wind, fog, rain, sunlight will be able to see through it all Wide temp range for extreme conditions Beam angle (can program for region of interest) FMCW to detect moving and stationary target
32
FMCW
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
33
Diff between Radar and Ultrasonic?
Radar: - Detects moving and stationary objects - Unaffected by wind, rain, snow, fog, and sunlight - Simple and easy installation Ultrasonic: - Susceptible to wind, rain, and snow - Limited range - Accuracy in measurement (up to 0.55mm resolution)
34
Differences between Radar and Laser Sensors
Radar: - Detects moving and stationary objects - Unaffected by wind, rain, snow, fog, and sunlight - Simple and easy installation - Low/no maintenance Laser Sensors: - Affected by rain, snow, fog, dust, and sunlight - Small detection area - Laser LED decreases over lifetime - Accuracy in measurement (up to micron resolution)
35
How laser work?
Triangulation and Time of Flight (TOF)
36
Pros for Triangulation for laser?
Shorter range better resolution IP69K Clear Object detection High precision measurement Better repeatability than TOF
37
Applications for Triangulation Lasers
Automotive Semiconductor CPG Food and beverage
38
Pros for TOF of laser
Longer range Best in class for range, repeatability and accuracy High excess gain
39
Applications for TOF lasers
Overhead Gantry Cranes Automated Storage Retrieval AGV Automated carts
40
Repeatability def
Repeatability is the measurement of how reliably a sensor can repeat the same measurement in the same conditions. Calculated by having a sensor detect a motionless single color target multiple times in a lab setting
41
Resolution Def
Resolution of a sensor tells you the smallest change in distance that the sensor can detect Resolution can be impacted by target conditions: Distance to the target sensor, response speed, and other factors
42
Linearity Def
Linearity is the maximum deviation between an ideal straight line measurement and the actual measurement. It indicates how closely a sensor is, analog output can approximate a straight line when measuring across the sensor range
43
Accuracy Def
Accuracy is the difference between the actual distance to a target and the sensor measure distance and is important when using the measurements direct from sensor VIA IO-Link
44
What is an amplifier for fiber optic
It puts the emitter and receiver together
45

Photoelectric Sensors (1 decks)

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