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Photoelectric Sensors > Photoelectric General > Flashcards

Photoelectric General Flashcards

1
Q

Pros for Opposed Mode

A
  • Reliability (contamination and sensor misalignment from shock and vibration)
  • High excess gain

-Impervious to surface reflectivity

-Part Counting

-Aperturing for small parts (if object small, use aperture to make beam smaller)

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2
Q

Cons for Opposed Mode

A

-Clear Materials

-High Excess Gain at short range

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3
Q

How many types of Retroreflective?

A

3

Standard

Polarized

Coaxial

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4
Q

Pros for Retroreflect

A

-Reliable Sensing

-Convenience (only space for one sensor)

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5
Q

Cons for Retroreflect

A

-Less excess gain (compared to opposed)

-Effective beam (avoid when detecting small objects or for precise positioning control)

-Clear materials

-Shiny materials

  • Blind spot at close range
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6
Q

Polarized Retroreflective

A
  • Shorter Range
  • Has Blind Spot
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6
Q

Coaxial Retroreflective

A
  • No more blind spot
  • Can see clear objects
  • Can see through smaller openings
  • Precise leading edge detection
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7
Q

Is diffuse light or dark operate

A

light

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8
Q

Pro for Diffuse

A
  • Convenience (only needs itself)
  • Conveyors (Used for straightforward product presence sensing)
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9
Q

Cons for Diffuse

A
  • Dependent on Object Reflectivity and Shape
  • Shiny Surface (if angled)
  • Background Objects
  • Small Parts Detection
  • Low Excess Gain
  • Count Inaccuracy (bad at counting radiused parts)
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10
Q

Pros for Convergent

A
  • High Excess Gain
  • Counting Radiused Objects
  • Accurate Positioning
  • Fill Level Applications
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11
Q

Cons for Convergent

A
  • Depth of Field
  • Effect of Surface Reflectivity
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12
Q

Con for Fixed Field and Adjustable Field

A

Shiny Surfaces

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13
Q

What are the Environmental Considerations?

A

Temperature

Moisture

Corrosive

Dirt, Dust, Fog

Vibration and Shock

Electrical Noise

Hazardous Environment

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14
Q

What are the two kinds of Output?

A

Analog and discrete

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15
Q

What is analog and which applications to use it?

A

Measurable change in volt or current 0-10 V or 4-20 mA

Applications: Measurements and Inspection

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16
Q

PNP ?

A

Discrete Sourcing

Volt comes from the brown line (+) to load (-)

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17
Q

NPN?

A

Discrete Sinking

Volt comes from load (+) to blue line (-)

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18
Q

Pros for Fiber Optics

A

Tight sensing locations

Vibration and shock

Extreme environment

Explosion proof design

High temps

Custom sensor design

Noise Immunity

19
Q

Cons of fiber optics

A

Sensing system cost

Excess gain is low

20
Q

Applications for fiber optics

A

Punch press

Vibratory Feeders

Conveyors

Pill counting

Oven

Semiconductor processing equipment

21
Q

Pros for glass fiber optics

A

Easy, fast and inexpensive to create glass fiber optic to fit a specific space or sensing environment

Fiber bundle may even be shaped at the sensing end to create a beam to “match” the profile of the object

Most glass fiber optics are very rugged and perform reliably in extreme temps

22
Q

Cons for glass fiber optics

A

Breakage of the individual strand resulting from sharp bending or continued flexing as occurs on reciprocating mechanism

23
Q

Pros for plastic fiber optics

A

Less expensive and allow less signal attenuation than glass fiber

More flexible and also survive well under repeated flexing

cause of their size, plastic fiber can be routed into extremely tight areas

24
Q

Cons for plastic fiber optics

A

Plastic fiber optic require a visible light source for effective sensing

Less tolerant to temp extremes and sensitive to many chemicals and solvents

The bend radius of the cable affects the transmission of light

25
Q

Pros for Ultrasonic sensors

A

Immune to light reflection

Pump control

Good for dusty/dirty environment

Chemically resistant models available

Low cost compared to radar

No dead zone if used in retrosonic mode

26
Q

Cons for Ultrasonic sensors

A

Windy area

Angled Surfaces

No visible spot

27
Q

Applications for Ultrasonic Sensors

A

Tank level and pump control

Web and loop control

Opposed mode for food and beverages

Clear or opaque objects

28
Q

What is retrosonic sensing?

A

Not looking for glass bottle but actually looking for other bar of the conveyor belt

29
Q

What are the add ons for ultrasonic sensors and why

A

Stilling tubes:
For tank level measurement

Goes all the way into the liquid to calm turbulent surfaces or prevent foam accumulation

Waveguide:
Narrowing the beam

Direct sonic signal through small openings

Mount closer to a tank wall

Eliminate interference from an obstacle

Length should be shorter than dead zone with a 45° chamfer

30
Q

Applications for T-Gage

A

Temp sensor

Automotive
Packaging
Material Handling
Baked Goods
Assembly

31
Q

Why use Radar

A

Ignore ambient condition
Dust, dirt, wind, fog, rain, sunlight will be able to see through it all
Wide temp range for extreme conditions
Beam angle (can program for region of interest)
FMCW to detect moving and stationary target

32
Q

FMCW

A

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave

33
Q

Diff between Radar and Ultrasonic?

A

Radar:
- Detects moving and stationary objects
- Unaffected by wind, rain, snow, fog, and sunlight
- Simple and easy installation

Ultrasonic:
- Susceptible to wind, rain, and snow
- Limited range
- Accuracy in measurement (up to 0.55mm resolution)

34
Q

Differences between Radar and Laser Sensors

A

Radar:
- Detects moving and stationary objects
- Unaffected by wind, rain, snow, fog, and sunlight
- Simple and easy installation
- Low/no maintenance

Laser Sensors:
- Affected by rain, snow, fog, dust, and sunlight
- Small detection area
- Laser LED decreases over lifetime
- Accuracy in measurement (up to micron resolution)

35
Q

How laser work?

A

Triangulation and Time of Flight (TOF)

36
Q

Pros for Triangulation for laser?

A

Shorter range
better resolution
IP69K
Clear Object detection
High precision measurement
Better repeatability than TOF

37
Q

Applications for Triangulation Lasers

A

Automotive
Semiconductor
CPG
Food and beverage

38
Q

Pros for TOF of laser

A

Longer range
Best in class for range, repeatability and accuracy
High excess gain

39
Q

Applications for TOF lasers

A

Overhead Gantry Cranes
Automated Storage
Retrieval
AGV
Automated carts

40
Q

Repeatability def

A

Repeatability is the measurement of how reliably a sensor can repeat the same measurement in the same conditions.

Calculated by having a sensor detect a motionless single color target multiple times in a lab setting

41
Q

Resolution Def

A

Resolution of a sensor tells you the smallest change in distance that the sensor can detect

Resolution can be impacted by target conditions: Distance to the target sensor, response speed, and other factors

42
Q

Linearity Def

A

Linearity is the maximum deviation between an ideal straight line measurement and the actual measurement. It indicates how closely a sensor is, analog output can approximate a straight line when measuring across the sensor range

43
Q

Accuracy Def

A

Accuracy is the difference between the actual distance to a target and the sensor measure distance and is important when using the measurements direct from sensor VIA IO-Link

44
Q

What is an amplifier for fiber optic

A

It puts the emitter and receiver together

45
Q
A

Photoelectric Sensors (1 decks)

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