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Dermatology week 3 > Photocarcinogenesis > Flashcards

Photocarcinogenesis Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Known hallmarks of cancer (6)

A 
Resisting cell death
Sustaining proliferative signals
Evading growth suppressors
Activating invasion and metastasis 
Enabling replicative mortality 
Inducing oncogenes
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2
Q

Emerging hallmarks of cancer

A

Deregulating cellular emergencies

Avoiding immune destrution

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3
Q

What is an oncogene

A

Over-active form of a gene that positively regulates cell division

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4
Q

What is a proto-oncogene

A

Normal, not yet mutated, form of an oncogene

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5
Q

What is a tumour suppressor gene

A

Inactive or non-functional form of a gene that negatively regulates cell division

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6
Q

Examples of oncogenes

A

Ras, Raf and growth factor receptors

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7
Q

Examples of tumour suppressor genes

A

Rb and p53

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8
Q

Give a brief explanation of the course of events from damaged DNA to apoptosis involving p53

A

DNA damage
p53 activated and binds to DNA
Cell halts at G1 checkpoint
Apoptosis is triggered

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9
Q

Name the two main types of skin cancer

A

Melanomas and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)

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10
Q

Most common type of skin cancer

A

NMSC

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11
Q

Name 5 skin cancer risk factors

A

UV exposure, genetics, age, chemical exposure, immune suppression

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12
Q

What cancers increase risk after being burned

A

Melanoma and BCC

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13
Q

What cancers increase risk in an outdoor worker

A

SCC

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14
Q

What cancers increase risk in people who go on holiday

A

Melanoma and BCC

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15
Q

What cancers increase risk in people who use sunbeds

A

Mainly SCCs but also includes BCC and melanoma

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16
Q

Exposure to which chemicals increase risk of NMSC

A 
Coal tar pitch
Soot
Creosote
Petroleum
Shale oils
Arsenic
17
Q

What is xeroderma pigmentosum

A

Condition when the genes involved in DNA repair due to UV damage do not work effectively

18
Q

Are UC and crohns associated with skin cancer?

A

Yes because of immunosuppression. 20% increase in UC and 80% increase in crohns for a malignant melanoma

19
Q

What UV damages DNA directly and which indirectly

A

UVB directly

UVA indirectly

20
Q

What DNA damage is classic in UV exposure

A

Pyrimidine

21
Q

What are the two types of UVB induced lesions

A

CPDs and 6,4 PPs

22
Q

What repairs oxidised base pairs

A

Base excision repair (BER)

23
Q

Mutations in what gene are associated with BCC

A

PTCH 1 gene

Dermatology week 3 (5 decks)

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