Photo1 Flashcards
What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?
To convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in plants?
In the chloroplasts, specifically in the thylakoid membranes and stroma.
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
What gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
What gas is released by plants as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Oxygen (O2).
During which stage of photosynthesis is oxygen released?
During the light-dependent reactions.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
To provide electrons during the light-dependent reactions.
What is the primary energy source for photosynthesis?
Sunlight.
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
To produce glucose from carbon dioxide using ATP and NADPH.
What is the importance of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis?
They are energy carriers used in the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity, temperature, water availability, and carbon dioxide concentration.
What is the significance of photosynthesis in the ecosystem?
It is the primary source of energy for most living organisms and is essential for oxygen production.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP and carbon dioxide.
What is the difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants in terms of photosynthesis?
C3 plants use the Calvin cycle, C4 plants have an additional step to concentrate carbon dioxide, and CAM plants open stomata at night to reduce water loss.
What is photophosphorylation in photosynthesis?
The process of using light energy to add a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
What is the role of rubisco in photosynthesis?
Rubisco is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.
What is photorespiration and how does it affect photosynthesis?
Photorespiration is a wasteful process where oxygen competes with carbon dioxide, reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis.
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen.
What are the products of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
Glucose (and other sugars), ADP, and NADP+.
What is the role of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?
To transfer electrons and create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis during the light-dependent reactions.
What is the role of the stomata in photosynthesis?
To regulate gas exchange by opening and closing to control the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen.
What is the significance of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
They capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
