Phonology & Morphology Flashcards
What’s the difference between competence and performance?
Performance includes all mistakes people make.
Asking about intuitions gets at competence
What is pidgin?
a (simplified) language combined from two different languages with purposes of communication
What is a creole language?
Language spoken by children from pidgin parents. They add structure to the language they have not previously been exposed to => spontaneous development of languages
What is exceptional with sign language?
Nicaraguan Sign Language: deaf children when brought into contact with other dead children developed full-fledges sign language.
What is Broca’s aphasia and what does it characterise?
Damage to Broca’s area is characterised by non-fluent speech. See summary for further.
What is Wernicke’s aphasia and what does it characterise?
Damage to Wernicke’s area results in deficits in comprehension of language (both speaking and hearing). See summary for further.
What is the linguistic problem for patients with William’s syndrome?
They are good in linguistics, but deficit in other areas like spatial tasks.
What happens in case of damage to the left frontal lobe?
Speech becomes telegram style.
Define innateness and give a possible argument against it
Theory that says some knowledge about language exists at birth, there exists languages with less complexity
Give three possible ways to investigate infant speech perception
heart rate, high amplitude sucking, preferential looking
What is phonotactics?
the rules that determine the possible phoneme sequences in a language. We pick up on them really quickly in foreign language
Bound morpheme
A morpheme (or affix) that must be attached to another element (ish, —ate, re-, -ly)
What are words made out of?
Free morpheme(s) + null or more affixes (house, paper, boyish)
Free morpheme
A morpheme that can be a (independent) word by itself (car, house, boy)
Morpheme
the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function
